Wir sind grandcentrix.

Wir machen IoT passiert.

Unsere Identität

Ihr Partner für IoT-Produkte & IoT-Entwicklung

200 +
Experten
15 +
Jahrelange Erfahrung
150 +
Produktionen

Wir unterstützen Unternehmen bei ihrer digitalen Transformation rund um das Internet der Dinge, um durch vernetzte Produkte neue Möglichkeiten für den Geschäftserfolg zu schaffen. Mit zukunftssicheren Technologien bieten wir Plug & Wir arbeiten an IoT-Produkten und sind Ihr Partner für maßgeschneiderte IoT-Entwicklungsprojekte. Mit der Erfahrung von über 200 Experten aus über 150 erfolgreich umgesetzten IoT-Projekten in mehr als 15 Jahren verfolgt grandcentrix als Ihr Umsetzungspartner eine Mission:

Wir machen IoT möglich.

Was wir bieten

IoT-Produkte

Wir entwickeln Plug & Arbeit IoT-Produkte. Als Vodafone-Unternehmen und Produkthaus vereinfachen wir die drahtlose Konnektivität mit zukunftssicheren Technologien. Unsere Produkte konzentrieren sich auf Fernüberwachung, Fernmessung und Anlagenverfolgung.

Modbus Cloud Connect

Das All-in-One-Produkt für die einfache Anbindung – inklusive Nachrüstung – von Modbus über Mobilfunk (Narrowband-IoT & LTE-M) bis zur Cloud.
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Asset Tracker Solar

Robustes Ortungsgerät mit A-GPS und autonomer Langzeitlaufzeit durch Nutzung von Solarenergie und energiesparenden Funktechnologien für den weltweiten Einsatz.
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Konstruktion von Asset-Trackern

Extrem robuster und zuverlässiger Asset-Tracker für die einfache Überwachung und Verwaltung von Vermögenswerten und Gütern mit A-GPS und Mobilfunk-IoT-Technologie.
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IoT-Entwicklung

Wir unterstützen Unternehmen mit maßgeschneiderten End-to-End-IoT-Lösungen, die einen erheblichen Geschäftswert bieten. Unsere Entwicklungsdienstleistungen decken alle Aspekte entlang der IoT-Wertschöpfungskette ab, von eingebetteter Software & Hardware, Backend-Infrastruktur & Datenanalyse (KI) bis hin zu Begleit-Apps.

App-Entwicklung

Wir gestalten für Sie das nutzerzentrierte Erlebnis Ihrer Produkte durch die Interaktion mit Ihren angeschlossenen Geräten über individuelle Apps und Frontend-Lösungen.
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Backend-Entwicklung

Durch die Entwicklung individueller Backends schaffen wir die Grundlage für datenbasierte Entscheidungen und den Einsatz von KI für vernetzte Produkte.
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Eingebettete Entwicklung

Durch die Entwicklung individueller Backends schaffen wir die Grundlage für datenbasierte Entscheidungen und den Einsatz von KI für vernetzte Produkte.
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Welche Projekte wir umsetzen

Inspirierende Erfolgsgeschichten unserer Kunden

Alle Referenzen

Wer wir sind

Ihre digitale Zukunft

mit grandcentrix als Ihrem Partner für das Internet der Dinge

Wir sind eines der führenden Unternehmen für das Internet der Dinge (IoT). 2009 gegründet und mit Hauptsitz in Köln sind wir heute eine hundertprozentige Tochtergesellschaft von Vodafone, einem der globalen Marktführer für IoT. Als Team mit einer gemeinsamen Leidenschaft für Technik begegnen wir Herausforderungen mit Begeisterung und auf Augenhöhe mit unseren Kunden und Partnern.

Über uns

Nachhaltigkeit gemeinsam mit digitaler Technologie gestalten

Unsere Mission ist es, Unternehmen auf ihrem Weg zur Nachhaltigkeit durch digitale Datenbrücken zu unterstützen. Digitale Technologien sind der Schlüssel zur ökologischen Transformation der Wirtschaft. Als Enabler verbinden wir physische und digitale Welten, optimieren die Datenerfassung, Kommunikation und Analyse und schaffen Transparenz durch das Internet der Dinge.

Erfahren Sie mehr

IoT-Einblicke

\nI/TC: Primäre CPU wird initialisiert\nI/TC: SYSFW ABI: 3.1 (Firmware-Rev 0x0008 '8.6.4--v08.06.04 (Chill Capybar')\nI/TC: HUK initialisiert\nI/TC: Primäre CPU wechselt zum normalen Weltstart\n\nU-Boot SPL 2021.01 (11. Juli 2023 – 10:46:41 +0200)\nSYSFW ABI: 3.1 (Firmware-Version 0x0008 '8.6.4--v08.06.04 (Chill Capybar')\nVersuche, von DFU zu booten\n####DOWNLOAD ... OK\nStrg+C zum Beenden ...\n\nU-Boot 2021.01 (11. Juli) 2023 - 10:46:41 +0200)\n\nSoC: AM62X SR1.0 GP\nModell: Texas Instruments AM625 SK\nEEPROM bei 0x50 nicht verfügbar, versucht, bei 0x51 zu lesen\nBoard: AM62-SKEVM rev E3\nDRAM: 2 GiB\nMMC: mmc@fa10000: 0, mmc@fa00000: 1, mmc@fa20000: 2\nUmgebung wird von MMC geladen... OK\nEin: seriell@2800000\nAus: seriell@2800000\nFehler: seriell@2800000\nNetz: eth0: ethernet@8000000port@1\nDrücken Sie eine beliebige Taste, um den automatischen Start zu stoppen: 0 \nMMC: keine Karte vorhanden\nSD/MMC auf Gerät 1 gefunden\nMMC: keine Karte vorhanden\nMMC: keine Karte vorhanden\nMMC: keine Karte vorhanden\nMMC: keine Karte vorhanden\nlibfdt fdt_check_header(): FDT_ERR_BADMAGIC\nKeine FDT-Speicheradresse konfiguriert. Bitte konfigurieren Sie\ndie FDT-Adresse über \"fdt addr
\" Befehl.\nAbbruch!\nBad Linux ARM64 Image Magic!\n=>\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Von diesem Punkt an Anschließend müssen wir U-Boot konfigurieren, um das Hochladen von Dateien auf den eMMC-Flash zu ermöglichen. Laut "],"type":[0,"text"]}],"marks ":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://e2e.ti.com/support/processor s-group/processors/f/processors-forum/1127618/faq-sk-am62-how-to-flash-emmc-using-usb-dfu-on-am62x-sk-e2"],"uuid":[0,null] ,"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", Wir können dies erreichen, indem wir diese Schritte befolgen U-Boot:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"], "attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"=> env set dfu_alt_info ${dfu_alt_info_emmc}\n=> dfu 0 mmc 0\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Leider ist dies nicht die ganze Geschichte und sie wird nicht wie erwartet funktionieren und beim Hochladen scheitern "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"rootfs"],"type":[0,&qu ot;text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," Teil. Um zu verstehen, warum, müssten wir das untersuchen "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"dfu_alt_info_emmc"],"type": [0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," Variable und was sie tut. Der erste Schritt besteht darin, den Inhalt zu überprüfen Variable."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"] ,"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"=> env print dfu_alt_info_emmc\ndfu_alt_info_emmc=rawemmc raw 0 0x800000 mmcpart 1;rootfs part 0 1 mmcpart 0;tiboot3.bin.raw raw 0x0 0x400 mmcpart 1;tispl.bin.raw raw 0x400 0x1000 mmcpart 1;u-boot.img.raw raw 0x1400 0x2000 mmcpart 1;u-env.raw raw 0x3400 0x100 mmcpart 1;sysfw.itb.raw raw 0x3600 0x800 mmcpart 1\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Geräte-Firmware-Upgrade (DFU)"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/ en/latest/usage/dfu.html"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," beschreibt den Inhalt der "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"dfu_alt_info"],"type":[0, "text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," Variable und was ihre Elemente tun. Wir können sehen, dass der Rootfs-Zugriff über den Rohpartitionszugriff erfolgt: "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"rootfs part 0 1 mmcpart 0"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," während alle anderen Partitionen als deklariert sind "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"raw"],"type":[0,&quo t;text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," MMC-Gerätezugriff. Diese Konfiguration impliziert, dass zum Hochladen eines Rootfs eine dedizierte Partition verfügbar sein muss, auf die U-Boot schreiben kann. Der eMMC-Flash verfügt über drei physische Partitionen "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"(boot0, boot1 und rootfs)"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". Dies kann über den Befehl beobachtet werden unten."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"], "attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"=> mmc-Info\nGerät: mmc@fa10000\nHersteller-ID: 13\nOEM: 14e\nName: S0J56\nBusgeschwindigkeit: 200000000\nModus: HS200 (200 MHz)\nRd-Block-Länge: 512\nMMC-Version 5.1\nHohe Kapazität: Ja\nKapazität: 14,8 GiB\nBusbreite: 8-Bit\nErase-Gruppengröße: 512 KiB\nHC WP-Gruppengröße: 8 MiB\nBenutzerkapazität: 14,8 GiB WRREL\nBoot-Kapazität: 31,5 MiB ENH\nRPMB-Kapazität: 4 MiB ENH\nBoot-Bereich 0 ist nicht schreibgeschützt\nBoot-Bereich 1 ist nicht schreibgeschützt protected\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Um erfolgreich auf die Rootfs-Partition schreiben zu können, ist eine Partitionstabelle erforderlich. Dies kann mit U-Boot und dem Befehl gpt erreicht werden. Befolgen Sie dazu die Schritte unten:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"], "attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"=> env set uuid_gpt_disk 37c84ec5-8cc8-42e6-85d0-dfd0ebde3257\n=> env set uuid_gpt_rootf e56d6d53-45ad-4331-944d-7c311283f39\n=> gpt write mmc 0 $partitions\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Festlegen der "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"uuid_gpt_disk"],"type":[0 ,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," und "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"uuid_gpt_rootfs"],"type":[ 0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," Variablen sind erforderlich, da die Partitionsvariable auf deren Existenz angewiesen ist. Bitte stellen Sie sicher, dass Sie die Werte von festlegen "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"uuid_gpt_disk"],"type":[0 ,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," und "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"uuid_gpt_rootfs"],"type":[ 0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," angemessen, da sie für das ordnungsgemäße Funktionieren des Systems unerlässlich sind "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"partitions"],"type":[0,& quot;text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," Variable."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"] ,"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"=> Env-Druck partitions\npartitions=uuid_disk=${uuid_gpt_disk};name=rootfs,start=0,size=-,uuid=${uuid_gpt_rootfs}\n"],"type":[0 ,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The UUIDs können mit Tools wie dem generiert werden "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"uuidgen"],"type":[0,&q uot;text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," Befehlszeilentool. Bitte beachten Sie, dass möglicherweise ein Neustart erforderlich ist, damit die Partitionen vollständig verfügbar sind. Sie können die Partitionen überprüfen, indem Sie Folgendes ausführen command:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"] ,"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"=> gpt verify mmc 0 $partitions\nVerify GPT: success!\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0," Die Partitionstabelle kann auch wie folgt untersucht werden command:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"] ,"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"=> mmc-Teil\n\nPartitionszuordnung für MMC-Gerät 0 – Partitionstyp: EFI\n\nTeil\tStart-LBA\tEnd-LBA\t\tName\n\tAttribute\n\tTyp-GUID\n\tPartitions-GUID\n 1\t0x00000022\t0x01da3fde\t\"rootfs\"\n\tattrs:\t0x0000000000000000\n\tt ype:\tebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7\n\tguid:\te8be8e22-817f-1640-b82d-e3c79e f7c3eb\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Now, Endlich können wir alle erforderlichen Dateien hochladen, indem wir den DFU-Modus in U-Boot aktivieren und das dfu-util zum Hochladen verwenden diese:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"], "attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"=> env set dfu_alt_info ${dfu_alt_info_emmc}\n=> dfu 0 mmc 0\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],& quot;attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"# Bitte beachten Sie, dass wir hier die Datei tiboot3-backup.bin verwenden 0451\n❯ sudo dfu-util -a u-boot.img.raw -D buildroot/output/images/u-boot.img --device 0451\n❯ sudo dfu-util -R -a rootfs -D buildroot/output/images/rootfs.ext4 --device 0451\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Nach dem erfolgreichen Hochladen aller Dateien können wir überprüfen, ob das Rootfs gefüllt ist, indem wir den Inhalt der Datei überprüfen rootfs:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"], "attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"=> ls mmc 0\n4096 .\n4096 ..\n16384 verloren+gefunden\n7 Behälter\n4096-Boot\n4096 dev\n...\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Booting from eMMC"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Finally, we need to configure U-Boot to boot from the eMMC:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"=> env set mmcdev 0\n=> env set bootpart 0\n=> mmc partconf 0 1 1 1\n=> mmc bootbus 0 2 0 0\n# in case you want to have the config persistent\n=> saveenv\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Now, the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"boot"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," command can be executed, and U-Boot should load the Linux kernel from the eMMC, starting the operating system. Additionally, the boot switches can be configured for eMMC boot, allowing the starter kit to start from the eMMC."],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17423018],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/739x257/5ec960bb1c/am62x_sk_evm_emmc_boot_mode.jpg"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Conclusion"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"This is it! We ported Buildroot to the new AM62x CPU by Texas Instruments, and used a newer U-Boot version than officially supported in the process. In a later article, we will demonstrate how we developed our very own Blueprint hardware based on the AM62x."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"If you require any support with an Embedded project, contact us! Our software and hardware experts are able to support you, from a small microcontroller based project to a full-blown Linux based IoT Edge device."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],"component":[0,"RichText"]}]]],"subject":[0,""],"abstract":[0,"At the start of each project, we evaluate with our customers what kind of platform they are going to need. If it’s a small device, maybe even battery powered, with little need for performance or bandwidth, we usually opt for the nRF52 series or nRF9160 microcontrollers, depending on the connectivity requirements. These already pack a lot of punch, but if we find that even more performance, a more complex software, or a fast Ethernet or LTE connection is required, we recommend using the grandcentrix Linux Gateway Blueprint. This is our own pre-engineered single board computer that we customize for the specific customer requirements. It features a SAMA5 CPU by Microchip. While this has been our reliable workhorse for many years, the embedded CPU market has developed a lot. It was time for us to find a new CPU that would be even faster and could be equipped with more RAM to enable us to create the IoT gateway for tomorrow.\n\nWe found a worthy successor in the brand new AM62x platform by Texas Instruments. It comes in four footprint-compatible variants with 1, 2 or 4 cores, running at up to 1.4 GHz. This enables us to engineer one blueprint that can be scaled up or down according to our customer’s requirements.\n\nCreating a new blueprint and getting to know a new CPU is not an easy endeavor. For instance, TI only provides a Linux distribution based on Yocto, but we want to use Buildroot. There is no official support for this platform by Buildroot yet, so we will have to do some things on our own. Follow along on our journey to get this platform up and running and creating our new Blueprint! In this first article, you will learn how our team got Buildroot to run on TI’s AM62x development kit."],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"b298a0aa-1ee6-43af-a8c0-21d870044dbc"],"title":[0,"Buildroot State for Texas Instruments AM62x | IoT Blog"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,""],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0,"Practical Report on Blueprinting an IoT Gateway with Buildroot on the Texas Instruments AM62x Development Kit for Enhanced CPU Performance ► Read more here!"],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"contactText":[0,"If you have any questions or would like to realise a project with us, \nplease contact us by e-mail."],"publishedAt":[0,"2023-09-12 00:00"],"contactTitle":[0,"Do you have questions?"],"contactSection":[0,false]}],"slug":[0,"buildroot-state-am62x"],"full_slug":[0,"blog/buildroot-state-am62x"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-1420],"tag_list":[1,[[0,"Partner"],[0,"Embedded"]]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,419913290],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"97382632-bbfb-4df5-b020-16031163e5bc"],"first_published_at":[0,"2023-09-12T12:35:00.000Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"blog/buildroot-state-am62x"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"blog/buildroot-state-am62x"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,true]}]]]}],[0,{"name":[0,"Modbus Cloud Connect – Feature Update"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-19T13:22:11.031Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:45.482Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:45.535Z"],"id":[0,550658986],"uuid":[0,"f88239a2-18f5-4bdc-a2bb-692e36de385c"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"478fb98f-c296-45cf-8432-8d04e9d2ec0b"],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17450689],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1920x1080/0bc855f5a4/blog-header-67.jpg"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"title":[0,"Modbus Cloud Connect – Feature Update"],"author":[0,{"name":[0,"Stefan Dinkelbach"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-19T13:26:29.867Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:38.266Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:38.295Z"],"id":[0,550675433],"uuid":[0,"d2ee564b-e717-4bd6-ba32-0bfc69a97ad7"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"2855b96c-b1fa-45b3-82c4-32e5b3942c27"],"name":[0,"Stefan Dinkelbach"],"role":[0,"Product Manager Modbus Cloud Connect"],"email":[0,{"id":[0,""],"url":[0,""],"linktype":[0,"story"],"fieldtype":[0,"multilink"],"cached_url":[0,""]}],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17377228],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/512x512/530a42419c/person-stefan-dinkelbach.png"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"component":[0,"Person"]}],"slug":[0,"stefan-dinkelbach"],"full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/stefan-dinkelbach"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-290],"tag_list":[1,[]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,492023996],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"a47f2ef6-32a5-470b-a40d-93c8ca113c83"],"first_published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:38.266Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/stefan-dinkelbach"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"_data/persons/stefan-dinkelbach"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,null]}]]],"_stopResolving":[0,true]}],"contact":[0,"d2ee564b-e717-4bd6-ba32-0bfc69a97ad7"],"content":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"b9ed77cc-c4cb-48c5-8eae-c89217b852c9"],"align":[0,""],"content":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17377292],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1443x736/9691276311/configured-device-register.png"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}],[0,{"text":[0,"From now on, our MoCC gateway can not only send the data of other Modbus RTU participants to the cloud, but also "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"receive internal data from the gateway"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," in the customer’s cloud. 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But what can you do if parameters spontaneously need to be changed remotely or if a new measured value is required that is normally transmitted only once a week?"],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"feb19b03-db3c-45c7-b32a-f8e19defbda7"],"title":[0,"Remote Monitoring & Control | Modbus Cloud Connect | IoT Blog"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,""],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0,"Digitizing and Optimizing Services in Building Technology through Remote Monitoring and Control with Modbus Cloud Connect ► Read on now!"],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"contactText":[0,"Hi, I'm Daniel. Do you have any questions about Modbus? 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But how could those devices become part of the internet of things and what use cases could be developed? With this series of blog articles, we would like to give answers, ideas, suggestions, and helpful hints. To demonstrate how easy, it is to bridge the gap between devices and IT/cloud infrastructure by using Modbus Cloud Connect."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],"type":[0,"info"],"title":[0,"About the blog article series:"],"component":[0,"InfoPanel"]}]]]}]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Electricity, gas and water meters should send data via remote reading on a regular basis in order to monitor energy consumption. Only if the values are continuously documented and checked can, for example, excessive energy consumption be detected. However, there are countless different types of meters that "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"need to be connected due to the above-mentioned requirements"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". Depending on the type of meter (electricity, gas or water), manufacturers "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"do not offer a standardized platform"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," for transmitting the measured values. However, with appropriate adapters, it is possible to read out the data using a standardized protocol."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"All modern metering devices, EDL21, eHZ, RLM and base meters have an "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"infrared interface"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". With the IR readout adapter (DvModbusIR), for example from "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Device GmbH"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://www.device.de/"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", these meters can be read out via "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Modbus RTU"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". In conjunction with "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Modbus Cloud Connect"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"/en/products/modbus/"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}],[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", the meter readings can be transferred very easily to a desired IoT platform. The use of mobile radio makes the connection simple and secure, since no connection to the existing network infrastructure (e.g. Ethernet) has to be made at the respective location."],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17387362],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/960x1280/6d9d9bdd13/modbus-detail.jpg"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"IR readout adapter"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," is attached to the optical interface of the electricity meter using the integrated ring magnet. 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This is made possible, for example, by the IR readout adapters from Device GmbH in conjunction with our IoT products. Submetering refers to the recording and proportional billing of the various consumption meters in buildings. Digital submetering enables remote reading and simple as well as permanent data transmission."],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"610d898d-6a0b-4afc-804f-e0d9c98ce0ae"],"title":[0,"Remote reading of energy meters | Modbus Cloud Connect | IoT Blog"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,""],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0,"Consumption Data Collection through Infrared Interface (IR Readout Adapter) for Efficient Submetering and Energy Management of Electricity, Gas, and Water ► Read on now!"],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"contactText":[0,"Hi, I'm Daniel. Do you have any questions about Modbus Cloud Connect? 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On the consumer side of the devices and equipment connected to the power, it is not uncommon for the current to flow as "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"DC"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". If there are several consumers on the DC side, it may be necessary to delineate the respective energy consumptions, e.g. for clean billing. This requires "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"DC consumption measurement within the respective circuit"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"An example of this is our technical infrastructure of the cellular network. The radio units are generally supplied with direct current. Modern data centers also operate with direct current. Battery buffers, which step in during a power failure, can also manage without converters in these cases. 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The assembled modules are connected to each other. Finally, a system interface module is required, which supplies the individual components with power and carries out the data exchange within the setup and to the outside. In the system module all measuring data converge and are made available for the passing on over the appropriate interface. The configuration of all components can also be done in this way."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The hardware setup"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In our test setup we want to measure current and voltage in a DC circuit. For both measurements one channel each is needed. 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The result speaks for itself: With this solution, we were capable of identifying significant differences in the electricity consumption of the different floors within a very short time. With measures now introduced to reduce consumption on certain floors, we expect savings of up to **15%."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"2. Transferring meter data to the cloud via Modbus interface"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Modbus Cloud Connect enables the transfer of device data to the cloud. 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If the bootstrapping fails, delete the folder "],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"textStyle"],"attrs":[0,{"color":[0,"rgb(43, 41, 43)"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,".environment/"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," and start again."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"textStyle"],"attrs":[0,{"color":[0,"rgb(43, 41, 43)"]}]}]]]}]]]}]]]}],"type":[0,"info"],"title":[0,"Code changes:"],"component":[0,"InfoPanel"]}]]]}]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"After successfully building the chip-tool, you can start it with the following command."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"out/chip-tool/chip-tool\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The output will look something like this."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,"language-shell"]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"[1649943820.702390][30597:30597] CHIP:TOO: Missing cluster name\nUsage:\n out/chip-tool/chip-tool cluster_name command_name [param1 param2 ...]\n\n +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n | Clusters: |\n +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n | * accesscontrol |\n | * accountlogin |\n | * administratorcommissioning |\n | * alarms |\n | * any |\n | * appliancecontrol |\n | * applianceeventsandalert |\n | * applianceidentification |\n | * appliancestatistics |\n | * applicationbasic |\n | * applicationlauncher |\n | * audiooutput |\n | * ballastconfiguration |\n | * barriercontrol |\n | * basic |\n | * binaryinputbasic |\n | * binding |\n | * booleanstate |\n | * bridgedactions |\n | * bridgeddevicebasic |\n | * bromateconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * bromodichloromethaneconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * bromoformconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * carbondioxideconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * carbonmonoxideconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * channel |\n | * chloraminesconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * chlorineconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * chlorodibromomethaneconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * chloroformconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * colorcontrol |\n | * contentlauncher |\n | * copperconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * dehumidificationcontrol |\n | * descriptor |\n | * devicetemperatureconfiguration |\n | * diagnosticlogs |\n | * discover |\n | * dissolvedoxygenconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * doorlock |\n | * electricalmeasurement |\n | * ethernetnetworkdiagnostics |\n | * ethyleneconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * ethyleneoxideconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * fancontrol |\n | * fecalcoliformandecoliconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * fixedlabel |\n | * flowmeasurement |\n | * fluorideconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * generalcommissioning |\n | * generaldiagnostics |\n | * groupkeymanagement |\n | * groupsettings |\n | * groups |\n | * haloaceticacidsconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * hydrogenconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * hydrogensulphideconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * iasace |\n | * iaswd |\n | * iaszone |\n | * identify |\n | * illuminancemeasurement |\n | * keypadinput |\n | * leadconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * levelcontrol |\n | * localizationconfiguration |\n | * lowpower |\n | * manganeseconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * mediainput |\n | * mediaplayback |\n | * messaging |\n | * meteridentification |\n | * modeselect |\n | * networkcommissioning |\n | * nitricoxideconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * nitrogendioxideconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * occupancysensing |\n | * onoff |\n | * onoffswitchconfiguration |\n | * operationalcredentials |\n | * otasoftwareupdateprovider |\n | * otasoftwareupdaterequestor |\n | * oxygenconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * ozoneconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * pairing |\n | * payload |\n | * pollcontrol |\n | * powerconfiguration |\n | * powerprofile |\n | * powersource |\n | * powersourceconfiguration |\n | * pressuremeasurement |\n | * proxyconfiguration |\n | * proxydiscovery |\n | * proxyvalid |\n | * pulsewidthmodulation |\n | * pumpconfigurationandcontrol |\n | * relativehumiditymeasurement |\n | * scenes |\n | * shadeconfiguration |\n | * sodiumconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * softwarediagnostics |\n | * subscriptions |\n | * sulfateconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * sulfurdioxideconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * switch |\n | * targetnavigator |\n | * temperaturemeasurement |\n | * testcluster |\n | * tests |\n | * thermostat |\n | * thermostatuserinterfaceconfiguration |\n | * threadnetworkdiagnostics |\n | * time |\n | * timeformatlocalization |\n | * timesynchronization |\n | * totalcoliformbacteriaconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * totaltrihalomethanesconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * turbidityconcentrationmeasurement |\n | * unitlocalization |\n | * userlabel |\n | * wakeonlan |\n | * wifinetworkdiagnostics |\n | * windowcovering |\n | * interactive |\n +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n[1649943820.702695][30597:30597] CHIP:TOO: Run command failure: \n../../examples/chip-tool/commands/common/Commands.cpp:71: Error 0x0000002F"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Our output will have the error message "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"[1649943820.702390][30597:30597] CHIP:TOO: Missing cluster name"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"code"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," which we will ignore now. After building and flashing the firmware for the ESP32 we will come back to the topic of Clusters and discuss this concepts in more detail."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Building the all-cluster-app"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"First, you need to install Espressif’s ESP-IDF to build and flash the examples (all instructions can be found in the example as well, if something does not work as described look "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"here"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://github.com/project-chip/connectedhomeip/tree/master/examples/all-clusters-app/esp32"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,")."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"mkdir ${HOME}/tools\ncd ${HOME}/tools\ngit clone https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf.git\ncd esp-idf\ngit checkout v4.4\ngit submodule update --init\n./install.sh\n. ./export.sh\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Now move back to the Matter repository and activate the environment."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"cd /path/to/connectedhomeip\nsource scripts/activate.sh\n\ncd examples/all-clusters-app/esp32\nidf.py set-target esp32\nidf.py build\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"After the firmware is successfully built, you can now flash the ESP32 and monitor the results. Here "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"/dev/ttyUSB0"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"code"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," is the ESP32, this might be different on your system or if you have more than one development board attached."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"idf.py -p /dev/ttyUSB0 flash monitor\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"blok"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,"d449a67d-3af7-4067-97a7-32d52c622306"],"body":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"i-9a4d15e3-f85c-4747-9211-cad320bdc09e"],"text":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The ESP32 will persist changes such as network credentials, ACLs or NOCs on the flash, there you will need to erase the flash before starting with a blank device."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"idf.py -p /dev/ttyUSB0 erase-flash"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],"type":[0,"info"],"title":[0,"Erase the flash of the ESP3:"],"component":[0,"InfoPanel"]}]]]}]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"idf.py -p /dev/ttyUSB0 erase-flash\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The following will show the flashing of the ESP and monitoring the device."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17266830],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1102x470/8297268701/matter_pt2_05.gif"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Now you have successfully set up the chip-tool and the ESP with everything you need for your first Matter device. Now we need a bit more theory on how the interaction model works. After this, we will commission our new device into our own Wi-Fi network. If you don’t have a Wi-Fi that you can use, you can create your own access point with Ubuntu as described "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"here"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/net-wireless-adhoc.html.en"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Endpoints, Clusters, Commands and Attributes"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The interaction model is quite simple to understand. We will continue to explain it with our light bulb example. For the demonstration purposes we consider the light as dimmable, no color changing or any other fancy features. So, typically features of a conventional dimmable light are:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"bullet_list"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Turning light on"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Turning light off"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Set the brightness to a specific level"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In Matter terms, we will group these features in clusters and expose them on endpoints and the node/device. The following figure will give a simplified overview of the interaction model."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17266764],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/720x405/ee397778ec/matter_pt2_02.png"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Let’s discuss this figure step by step:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"bullet_list"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Node"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," - The physical device on the network, represented by a Node ID in our Fabric."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Endpoint"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," - Are related to one device characteristic. e.g. a lighting device with two light bulbs would have two identical endpoints to control each light bulb separately. Endpoint 0 is reserved for Matter-specific features, such as pairing the device with the network."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Cluster"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," - A set of features to control on a specific endpoint. E.g. the feature of turning the device on and off is called the OnOff Cluster."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"bullet_list"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Servers"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," - A light bulb would implement a Cluster Server awaiting commands to turn on and off the light."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Clients"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," - A light switch would implement a Cluster Client to send on/off commands to the light bulb."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Commands"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," - Will trigger a specific action on the Cluster. E.g. turn on light."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Attributes"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," - Will store information about a specific Cluster state. E.g. is light turned on or off?"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"With this background, we can start using the chip-tool to commission our ESP32 Matter device."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Commissioning the ESP32"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"To start the commissioning, we will need the following things:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"bullet_list"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Wi-Fi Network Credentials (we will use SSID “IoT Testing” and Password “NotTheRealPassword”)"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Device Discriminator (in this example it is “3840“)"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Device Passcode (in this example it is “20202021”)"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"blok"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,"9b917f74-3655-4bfb-a150-baecc3476941"],"body":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"i-671c9f67-1fd1-4518-ade0-d0b4c38bd9ab"],"text":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"A Discriminator value helps to further identify potential devices during the setup process and helps to improve the speed and robustness of the setup experience for the user. The Discriminator should be different for each individual device."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"textStyle"],"attrs":[0,{"color":[0,"rgb(43, 41, 43)"]}]}]]]}]]]}]]]}],"type":[0,"info"],"title":[0,"Discriminator:"],"component":[0,"InfoPanel"]}]]]}]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"At first, we want to pair our laptop with the chip-tool (the Commissioner) with our ESP32 (the Commissionee) and provide the Wi-Fi credentials, the following command will do this for us. The Node ID (here “12344321”) can be chosen freely."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"# ./chip-tool pairing ble-wifi node-id ssid password setup-pin-code discriminator \n./chip-tool pairing ble-wifi 12344321 \"IoT Testing\" NotTheRealPassword 20202021 3840\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"This will perform the complete commissioning discussed in "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Part 1"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"/en/blog/matter_01/"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". In the GIF below, you can see both the monitoring of the device (bottom) and the commissioning with the chip-tool (top)."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17266769],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/950x990/af37ade47e/matter_pt2_03.gif"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Let’s have a look at the logs of the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"chip-tool"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," for the commissioning process and match the output to what we learned in "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Part 1"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"/blog/matter-unlocking-potential-matter-devices-companion-app-part-1"],"uuid":[0,"067f9b42-4568-4e59-b9f7-c3b405c48c02"],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,"_self"],"linktype":[0,"story"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The location where the Fabric credentials are stored. You need to back up these files if you want to keep access to your matter devices, as they will be removed after reboot, when the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"/tmp"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," folder is cleared."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,"language-shell"]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"[...]\n[1658309310.347076][132461:132461] CHIP:DL: ChipLinuxStorage::Init: Using KVS config file: /tmp/chip_kvs\n[1658309310.347179][132461:132461] CHIP:DL: ChipLinuxStorage::Init: Using KVS config file: /tmp/chip_factory.ini\n[1658309310.347204][132461:132461] CHIP:DL: ChipLinuxStorage::Init: Using KVS config file: /tmp/chip_config.ini\n[1658309310.347218][132461:132461] CHIP:DL: ChipLinuxStorage::Init: Using KVS config file: /tmp/chip_counters.ini\n[...]"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The log output with comments to explain each section and a summary after the listing."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,"language-shell"]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"[...]\n\n# Finding the BLE device and matching with the discriminator\n[1658309311.070510][132461:132464] CHIP:BLE: New device scanned: C8:C9:A3:C5:65:BA\n[1658309311.070546][132461:132464] CHIP:BLE: Device discriminator match. Attempting to connect.\n[...]\n[1658309312.208721][132461:132464] CHIP:DL: ConnectDevice complete\n[...]\n\n# Start of PASE and successfull session establishment to communicate securly via BLE\n[1658309313.022392][132461:132467] CHIP:SC: Sent spake2p msg1\n[...]\n[1658309315.540046][132461:132467] CHIP:SC: Received spake2p msg2\n[...]\n[1658309315.540344][132461:132467] CHIP:SC: Sent spake2p msg3\n[...]\n[1658309315.672418][132461:132467] CHIP:SC: SecureSession[0x7fdfa0001a30]: Moving from state 'kEstablishing' --> 'kActive'\n[1658309315.672421][132461:132467] CHIP:IN: SecureSession[0x7fdfa0001a30]: Activated - Type:1 LSID:45062\n[1658309315.672425][132461:132467] CHIP:IN: New secure session activated for device, LSID:45062 PSID:44671!\n[1658309315.672431][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Remote device completed SPAKE2+ handshake\n[1658309315.672434][132461:132467] CHIP:TOO: Pairing Success\n[1658309315.672437][132461:132467] CHIP:TOO: PASE establishment successful\n[1658309315.672440][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'SecurePairing' -> 'ReadCommissioningInfo'\n[...]\n\n# ReadCommissioningInfo -> ArmFailSafe -> ConfigRegulatory:\n# Basic configuration for the commissioning\n[1658309315.856534][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'ReadCommissioningInfo'\n[1658309315.856550][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'ReadCommissioningInfo' -> 'ArmFailSafe'\n[...]\n[1658309316.035322][132461:132467] CHIP:DMG: Received Command Response Data, Endpoint=0 Cluster=0x0000_0030 Command=0x0000_0001\n[1658309316.035345][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Received ArmFailSafe response errorCode=0\n[1658309316.035362][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'ArmFailSafe'\n[1658309316.035372][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'ArmFailSafe' -> 'ConfigRegulatory'\n[...]\n[1658309316.213618][132461:132467] CHIP:DMG: Received Command Response Data, Endpoint=0 Cluster=0x0000_0030 Command=0x0000_0003\n[1658309316.213637][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Received SetRegulatoryConfig response errorCode=0\n[1658309316.213647][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'ConfigRegulatory'\n[1658309316.213652][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'ConfigRegulatory' -> 'SendPAICertificateRequest'\n[...]\n\n# SendPAICertificateRequest -> SendDACCertificateRequest -> SendAttestationRequest -> AttestationVerification:\n# Perform the Device Attestation process to validate the authenticity of the device.\n[1658309316.405915][132461:132467] CHIP:DMG: Received Command Response Data, Endpoint=0 Cluster=0x0000_003E Command=0x0000_0003\n[1658309316.405925][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Received certificate chain from the device\n[1658309316.405934][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'SendPAICertificateRequest'\n[1658309316.405941][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'SendPAICertificateRequest' -> 'SendDACCertificateRequest'\n[...]\n[1658309316.582616][132461:132467] CHIP:DMG: Received Command Response Data, Endpoint=0 Cluster=0x0000_003E Command=0x0000_0003\n[1658309316.582638][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Received certificate chain from the device\n[1658309316.582659][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'SendDACCertificateRequest'\n[1658309316.582675][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'SendDACCertificateRequest' -> 'SendAttestationRequest'\n[...]\n[1658309317.296396][132461:132467] CHIP:DMG: Received Command Response Data, Endpoint=0 Cluster=0x0000_003E Command=0x0000_0001\n[1658309317.296407][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Received Attestation Information from the device\n[1658309317.296416][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'SendAttestationRequest'\n[1658309317.296434][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'SendAttestationRequest' -> 'AttestationVerification'\n[...]\n[1658309317.296446][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Verifying attestation\n[1658309317.298651][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully validated 'Attestation Information' command received from the device.\n[1658309317.298687][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'AttestationVerification'\n[1658309317.298693][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'AttestationVerification' -> 'SendOpCertSigningRequest'\n[...]\n\n# SendOpCertSigningRequest -> ValidateCSR -> GenerateNOCChain -> SendTrustedRootCert -> SendNOC:\n# Configure cetifcicates to allow access to the device based on the added credentials\n1658309318.959302][132461:132467] CHIP:DMG: Received Command Response Data, Endpoint=0 Cluster=0x0000_003E Command=0x0000_0005\n[1658309318.959313][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Received certificate signing request from the device\n[1658309318.959321][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'SendOpCertSigningRequest'\n[1658309318.959326][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'SendOpCertSigningRequest' -> 'ValidateCSR'\n[...]\n[1658309318.959622][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'ValidateCSR'\n[1658309318.959629][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'ValidateCSR' -> 'GenerateNOCChain'\n[1658309318.959633][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Performing next commissioning step 'GenerateNOCChain'\n[1658309318.959638][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Getting certificate chain for the device from the issuer\n[1658309318.959706][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Verifying Certificate Signing Request\n[1658309318.959917][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Generating NOC\n[1658309318.959996][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Providing certificate chain to the commissioner\n[1658309318.960003][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Received callback from the CA for NOC Chain generation. Status ../../examples/chip-tool/third_party/connectedhomeip/src/controller/ExampleOperationalCredentialsIssuer.cpp:261: Success\n[1658309318.960009][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'GenerateNOCChain'\n[1658309318.960057][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Performing next commissioning step 'SendTrustedRootCert'\n[1658309318.960062][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Sending root certificate to the device\n[...]\n[1658309319.183569][132461:132467] CHIP:DMG: Received Command Response Status for Endpoint=0 Cluster=0x0000_003E Command=0x0000_000B Status=0x0\n[1658309319.183577][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Device confirmed that it has received the root certificate\n[1658309319.183584][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'SendTrustedRootCert'\n[1658309319.183589][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'SendTrustedRootCert' -> 'SendNOC'\n[...]\n[1658309321.568391][132461:132467] CHIP:DMG: Received Command Response Data, Endpoint=0 Cluster=0x0000_003E Command=0x0000_0008\n[1658309321.568399][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Device returned status 0 on receiving the NOC\n[1658309321.568402][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Operational credentials provisioned on device 0x7fdfa0000b60\n[1658309321.568406][132461:132467] CHIP:TOO: Secure Pairing Success\n[1658309321.568409][132461:132467] CHIP:TOO: CASE establishment successful\n[1658309321.568415][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'SendNOC'\n[1658309321.568418][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'SendNOC' -> 'WiFiNetworkSetup'\n[...]\n\n# WiFiNetworkSetup -> WiFiNetworkEnable: \n# Setup the network access for the wifi\n[1658309321.703555][132461:132467] CHIP:DMG: Received Command Response Data, Endpoint=0 Cluster=0x0000_0031 Command=0x0000_0005\n[1658309321.703577][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Received NetworkConfig response, networkingStatus=0\n[1658309321.703584][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'WiFiNetworkSetup'\n[1658309321.703587][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'WiFiNetworkSetup' -> 'WiFiNetworkEnable'\n[...]\n[1658309322.873512][132461:132467] CHIP:DMG: Received Command Response Data, Endpoint=0 Cluster=0x0000_0031 Command=0x0000_0007\n[1658309322.873524][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Received ConnectNetwork response, networkingStatus=0\n[1658309322.873533][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'WiFiNetworkEnable'\n[1658309322.873538][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'WiFiNetworkEnable' -> 'FindOperational'\n[...]\n\n# FindOperational:\n# Test access and configuration of the setup by connecting to the device via wifi instead of BLE (using CASE)\n[1658309322.873544][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Performing next commissioning step 'FindOperational'\n[...]\n# CASE is used to secure the access\n[1658309324.113041][132461:132467] CHIP:SC: Sent Sigma1 msg\n[1658309325.728491][132461:132467] CHIP:SC: Received Sigma2 msg\n[1658309325.729381][132461:132467] CHIP:SC: Sending Sigma3\n[1658309325.729581][132461:132467] CHIP:SC: Sent Sigma3 msg\n[...]\n[1658309324.112694][132461:132467] CHIP:IN: SecureSession[0x7fdfa0012d60]: Allocated Type:2 LSID:45063\n[1658309324.112703][132461:132467] CHIP:SC: Initiating session on local FabricIndex 1 from 0x000000000001B669 -> 0x0000000000BC5C01\n[...]\n[1658309328.881997][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'FindOperational'\n[1658309328.882001][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'FindOperational' -> 'SendComplete'\n[1658309328.882005][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Performing next commissioning step 'SendComplete'\n[...]\n\n# SendComplete -> Cleanup: \n# Close sessions and shutdown BLE, all future access will no be via wifi.\n[1658309329.130822][132461:132467] CHIP:DMG: Received Command Response Data, Endpoint=0 Cluster=0x0000_0030 Command=0x0000_0005\n[1658309329.130830][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Received CommissioningComplete response, errorCode=0\n[1658309329.130837][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Successfully finished commissioning step 'SendComplete'\n[1658309329.130841][132461:132467] CHIP:CTL: Commissioning stage next step: 'SendComplete' -> 'Cleanup'\n[...]\n[1658309329.131667][132461:132461] CHIP:DL: Inet Layer shutdown\n[1658309329.131671][132461:132461] CHIP:DL: BLE shutdown\n[1658309329.131938][132461:132461] CHIP:DL: System Layer shutdown\n[1658309329.131953][132461:132461] CHIP:IN: SecureSession[0x7fdfa0001a30]: Released - Type:1 LSID:45062\n\n# End of pairing"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In summary, the chip-tool does the following:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"1.) Discover device via BLE using the discriminator"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"2.) Setup secure communication (PASE)"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"3.) Communicate basic information"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"4.) Perform device attestation"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"5.) Configure operational credentials on the device"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"6.) Enable Wi-Fi access on the device"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"7.) Test connection to the device (CASE)"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"8.) Close and cleanup all sessions."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Now you can easily turn the light on and off by sending the following command."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"# ./chip-tool onoff toggle destination-id endpoint-id\n./chip-tool onoff toggle 12344321 1\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The following GIF will demonstrate toggling the light."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17266770],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/944x992/1a15288931/matter_pt2_04.gif"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}],[0,{"text":[0,"A brief look at the chip-tool output to explain what is happening."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,"language-shell"]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"[...]\n# Setup credentials for Fabric 1\n[1658316828.616743][241737:241737] CHIP:CTL: System State Initialized...\n[1658316828.616757][241737:241737] CHIP:CTL: Stopping commissioning discovery over DNS-SD\n[1658316828.616764][241737:241737] CHIP:CTL: Setting attestation nonce to random value\n[1658316828.616774][241737:241737] CHIP:CTL: Setting CSR nonce to random value\n[...]\n[1658316828.616819][241737:241737] CHIP:CTL: Stopping commissioning discovery over DNS-SD\n[1658316828.616822][241737:241737] CHIP:CTL: Setting attestation nonce to random value\n[1658316828.616827][241737:241737] CHIP:CTL: Setting CSR nonce to random value\n[1658316828.617696][241737:241737] CHIP:CTL: Generating NOC\n[1658316828.618026][241737:241737] CHIP:FP: Validating NOC chain\n[1658316828.618437][241737:241737] CHIP:FP: NOC chain validation successful\n[1658316828.618481][241737:241737] CHIP:FP: Updated fabric at index: 0x1, Node ID: 0x000000000001B669\n[...]\n[1658316828.620696][241737:241737] CHIP:CTL: Joined the fabric at index 1. Compressed fabric ID is: 0x0000000000000000\n[...]\n\n# Identify the node and establish a session (CASE) (0xbc5c01 = 12344321)\n[1658316828.657279][241737:241742] CHIP:TOO: Sending command to node 0xbc5c01\n[1658316828.657288][241737:241742] CHIP:CSM: FindOrEstablishSession: PeerId = 5981134D36BF4317:0000000000BC5C01\n[1658316828.657292][241737:241742] CHIP:CSM: FindOrEstablishSession: No existing OperationalDeviceProxy instance found\n[...]\n[1658316828.857614][241737:241742] CHIP:CTL: Updating device address to UDP:[fe80::cac9:a3ff:fec5:65b8%wlp0s20f3]:5540 while in state 2\n[1658316828.857631][241737:241742] CHIP:CTL: OperationalDeviceProxy[5981134D36BF4317:0000000000BC5C01]: State change 2 --> 3\n[1658316828.857730][241737:241742] CHIP:IN: SecureSession[0x7f40e00018a0]: Allocated Type:2 LSID:22504\n[1658316828.857756][241737:241742] CHIP:SC: Initiating session on local FabricIndex 1 from 0x000000000001B669 -> 0x0000000000BC5C01\n[...]\n\n# CASE\n[1658316828.858806][241737:241742] CHIP:SC: Sent Sigma1 msg\n[...]\n[1658316829.938517][241737:241742] CHIP:SC: Received Sigma2 msg\n[...]\n[1658316829.939354][241737:241742] CHIP:SC: Sending Sigma3\n[...]\n[1658316829.939545][241737:241742] CHIP:SC: Sent Sigma3 msg\n[...]\n[1658316832.001580][241737:241742] CHIP:IN: New secure session activated for device<0000000000BC5C01, 1>, LSID:22504 PSID:44672!\n[...]\n\n# Send the command toggle (0x2) to onoff cluster (0x6) to endpoint 1\n# See also: https://github.com/project-chip/connectedhomeip/blob/master/src/app/zap-templates/zcl/data-model/chip/onoff-cluster.xml\n[1658316832.001604][241737:241742] CHIP:TOO: Sending cluster (0x00000006) command (0x00000002) on endpoint 1\n[...]\n\n# Receiving the response from the device (all successful)\n[1658316832.204861][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: InvokeResponseMessage =\n[1658316832.204865][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: {\n[1658316832.204869][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \tsuppressResponse = false, \n[1658316832.204873][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \tInvokeResponseIBs =\n[1658316832.204880][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t[\n[1658316832.204884][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\tInvokeResponseIB =\n[1658316832.204890][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t{\n[1658316832.204895][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\tCommandStatusIB =\n[1658316832.204899][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t{\n[1658316832.204903][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\tCommandPathIB =\n[1658316832.204908][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\t{\n[1658316832.204913][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\t\tEndpointId = 0x1,\n[1658316832.204918][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\t\tClusterId = 0x6,\n[1658316832.204922][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\t\tCommandId = 0x2,\n[1658316832.204926][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\t},\n[1658316832.204933][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\t\n[1658316832.204937][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\tStatusIB =\n[1658316832.204942][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\t{\n[1658316832.204947][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\t\tstatus = 0x00 (SUCCESS),\n[1658316832.204951][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\t},\n[1658316832.204956][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\t\n[1658316832.204960][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t},\n[1658316832.204966][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\t\n[1658316832.204970][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t},\n[1658316832.204975][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\t\n[1658316832.204979][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t],\n[1658316832.204985][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \t\n[1658316832.204989][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: \tInteractionModelRevision = 1\n[1658316832.204992][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: },\n[1658316832.205009][241737:241742] CHIP:DMG: Received Command Response Status for Endpoint=1 Cluster=0x0000_0006 Command=0x0000_0002 Status=0x0"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In summary, the chip-tool does the following:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"1.) Setup credentials for Fabric 1"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"2.) Find Node 12344321 (0xbc5c01) and establish a session using CASE"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"3.) Send the toggle command (0x2) to the OnOff cluster (0x6) and endpoint 1. (OnOff cluster definitions here)"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"4.) Receive a response from the node if the command was successful."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"We now can see a bright light and controlled our first hand made Matter device. We used many of the concepts explained in "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Part 1"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"/blog/hands-on-matter-overview-part-1"],"uuid":[0,"e31bf7af-1840-4b8d-b661-99eff8a0a1b5"],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,"_self"],"linktype":[0,"story"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," and the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Part 3"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"/blog/hands-on-matter-the-matter-light-switch-part-3"],"uuid":[0,"68d16ff5-ad02-46ed-be0a-e66f6fb8861a"],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,"_self"],"linktype":[0,"story"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," of this series we will take a look at binding a light switch to the light bulb to have a more complete setup and get rid of the chip-tool to control the light."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Further reading:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"bullet_list"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Espressif’s Matter Blog Series"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://blog.espressif.com/matter-38ccf1d60bcd"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}]]]}]]]}]]]}]]]}],"component":[0,"RichText"]}]]],"subject":[0,""],"abstract":[0,"In Part 1 of this blog series, we provided a theoretical overview by following Alice’s journey from unboxing a new Matter switch to commission the device into the Fabric and binding it to a Matter light bulb.\n\nIn the following parts, we will recreate Alice’s setup. In this part we will start with a Matter light bulb, we will guide you through the process of setting up a low-cost example to get real hands-on experience with Matter and evaluate it for yourself. 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This enables the self-organization and automation of industrial processes, and production workflows are more efficient and less expensive. But it is also impossible to imagine the private environment without the Internet of Things. Home appliances, motion detectors, lighting - using IoT in the smart home allows you to conveniently use your security, heating or air conditioning technology as well as entertainment equipment. In the field of e-health, grandcentrix is involved in a pioneering solution. 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How did the idea of the collaboration come about?"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Marten:"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," Our experience from working with a wide variety of customers has shown that delays and frictional losses repeatedly occur in the course of IoT projects. One common reason is that various implementation partners – for connectivity, hardware, software development or operations, among others – usually have to be aligned and coordinated within a project. The more complex the project, the more difficult this undertaking becomes. By combining the technologies and expertise of grandcentrix and Device Insight, we are able to offer all services within an IoT project from a single source. For the customer, this means: better interlocked processes, less effort for project management and, accordingly, a significantly faster time-to-market."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"How do the services and solutions of grandcentrix and Device Insight interlock?"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Christian:"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," At grandcentrix, we specialize in designing and implementing custom-fit IoT hardware and connectivity solutions. With our parent company Vodafone, we also have direct access to network technologies and can also implement individual mobile connectivity solutions quickly and cost-effectively. Having started as an app agency, we also bring a lot of experience in app development. These services are perfectly complemented by Device Insight’s more standardized offering."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Marten:"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," That’s right. Device Insight has many years of experience in the development of complex and at the same time highly scalable IoT and IIoT solutions. This has resulted in CENTERSIGHT scale, an IoT framework comparable to a construction kit. This allows us to make use of numerous prefabricated IoT building blocks, which we combine into individual and flexible IoT solutions through system integration based on common cloud providers and our own software development. Combining the approaches of Device Insight and grandcentrix enables us to implement IoT solutions quickly and cost-effectively, but still adapt them to the customer in such a flexible way that they can be scaled and expanded in the long term."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"One focus of your collaboration is the implementation of Narrowband IoT solutions. Why this technology in particular?"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Christian:"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," Although the Internet of Things has now penetrated many industries and sectors, there are still areas of application in which the use of IoT has not yet been feasible or profitable. Take, for example, the networking of pumps or compressors in public spaces. Making such devices IoT-enabled makes a lot of sense because you then know how they are being used and whether they are functional. But the infrastructure costs per networked device have simply been too high to make such a use case economically viable. With Narrowband IoT, however, we now have a mobile communications standard that is a perfect fit for such use cases – in other words, application areas that do not require high data rates and for which near-real-time data transmission is not necessary. By targeting low bandwidths and low data volumes, NB-IoT also minimizes operating costs and energy consumption – and previously unprofitable use cases suddenly become feasible."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Marten:"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," In addition, NB-IoT has particularly good building penetration. So on the basis of NB-IoT, IoT solutions can also be implemented inside buildings without having to access the existing network infrastructure. Especially in public buildings, for example in shopping centers or in airports, this is a great advantage."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Do you have a specific example of this?"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Marten:"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," We are already working on the first joint customer projects, e.g. Stiegelmeyer. The Herford-based company Stiegelmeyer is a leading global manufacturer of hospital and care beds. The aim of the project is to use an NB-IoT solution to facilitate patient care and improve patient comfort, but without having to rely on the infrastructure of the hospitals or nursing homes where the beds are located. Stiegelmeyer is just one example of many possible NB-IoT use cases. We are convinced that the possibilities of the technology are far from exhausted and want to make it easier for companies to get started with our joint approach."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"What are your goals? Where do you want to take the journey together in the long term?"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Christian:"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," Our vision is to offer companies a combined hardware and software solution for Narrowband IoT as a plug-and-play solution. This means that companies can quickly and cost-effectively implement NB-IoT use cases and network their devices worldwide without long planning and development times. For a true plug-and-play offering, we are currently working intensively on the ideal integration of hardware and software. We are confident that we will soon be able to make it even easier for companies to get started with NB-IoT. And Device Insight’s established IoT platform offering will also play a prominent role here."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Über Device Insight"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Founded in 2003 in Munich, Device Insight GmbH is an IoT specialist, accompanying companies in their digitization in the fields of Internet of Things, Industry 4.0 and artificial intelligence. Based on a flexible IoT framework, Device Insight combines ready-to-use IoT building blocks and individual applications for customized IoT services. System integration based on common cloud providers and software development are combined to create tailored solutions that are both fast and scalable. Device Insight supports global networking of machines, vehicles, plants, and devices and provides applications in the fields of data acquisition, condition monitoring, predictive maintenance, machine learning, industrial analytics and AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things). Device Insight is active in more than 15 countries, working together with large enterprises and mid-size customers from various sectors, including machinery and plant engineering, HVAC, commercial vehicles, vending, transport, energy as well as the Connected Home environment. Services range from business case analysis and implementation to secure IT operations. The company has been awarded “Internet of Things (I4.0) Leader Germany” on numerous occasions by the ISG Provider Lens study. Since 2019, Device Insight has been a subsidiary of automation specialist KUKA AG."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Further information on the partnership can also be found in the joint "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"press release"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://www.device-insight.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Device-Insight_grandcentrix_partnership_290721_EN-US.pdf"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],"component":[0,"RichText"]}]]],"subject":[0,""],"abstract":[0,"NB-IoT per Plug-and-Play - IoT pioneer Device Insight and Vodafone subsidiary grandcentrix are launching a technology partnership and want to help companies quickly implement IoT solutions with their holistic end-to-end approach. One focus is on Narrowband IoT.\n\nWe spoke with Marten Schirge, Managing Director of Device Insight, and Christian Pereira, Managing Director of grandcentrix, about the collaboration and the common goals."],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"c12de0b0-2a43-4af8-b130-b477b031fc00"],"title":[0,"IoT Partnership of grandcentrix & Device Insight | IoT Blog"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,""],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0,"Technology partnership of IoT experts for the joint development of plug-and-play IoT solutions for customers ► Learn more!"],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"contactText":[0,"If you have any questions or would like to realise a project with us, \nplease contact us by e-mail."],"publishedAt":[0,"2022-09-05 00:00"],"contactTitle":[0,"Do you have questions?"],"contactSection":[0,false]}],"slug":[0,"device_insight"],"full_slug":[0,"blog/device_insight"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-1500],"tag_list":[1,[[0,"Partner"],[0,"Updates & News"],[0,"Connectivity"],[0,"NB-IoT"]]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,419913290],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"2b2c40d1-f445-4300-b3cd-8588cf17579d"],"first_published_at":[0,"2022-09-05T12:35:00.000Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"blog/device_insight"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"blog/device_insight"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,true]}]]]}],[0,{"name":[0,"Narrowband IoT as a component for efficiency and innovation"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-24T05:43:27.431Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:39.644Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:39.712Z"],"id":[0,552612883],"uuid":[0,"2cff4063-4f4f-4f77-9d9a-070a3cc96be8"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"75e1532b-f856-4079-b036-6abe29660f1c"],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17442983],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1920x1080/697ed9a999/blog-header-38.jpg"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"title":[0,"Narrowband IoT as a component for efficiency and innovation"],"author":[0,{"name":[0,"Placeholder"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-19T08:41:14.854Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:39.605Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:39.635Z"],"id":[0,550359667],"uuid":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"f9660e25-2c40-4b69-a353-92ac9581d2b8"],"name":[0,"Anonymous"],"role":[0,"grandcentrix employee"],"email":[0,{"id":[0,""],"url":[0,""],"linktype":[0,"story"],"fieldtype":[0,"multilink"],"cached_url":[0,""]}],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17010743],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/52x52/23659d042d/sebastian-boll.png"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"component":[0,"Person"]}],"slug":[0,"placeholder"],"full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-210],"tag_list":[1,[]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,492023996],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"5c90f71e-e357-4c77-9d8e-47e6f58b09eb"],"first_published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:11:30.452Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,null]}]]],"_stopResolving":[0,true]}],"contact":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"d9d5e6ef-0ace-4071-820b-4bfafe49352c"],"align":[0,""],"width":[0,""],"content":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"What is Narrowband IoT?"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Narrowband IoT or NB-IoT is a "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"standard for data transmission"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," tailored to the reliable transmission of small amounts of data, telemetry data. Narrowband is the English term for "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"narrow band"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". The Narrowband-IoT standard has already existed since 2016 and was included in 3GPP Standard 13 by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The 3GPP organization standardizes new forms of data transmission and thus simplifies applications for "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"digital projects in the Internet of Things"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Both narrowband and broadband are terms used in communications technology to denote data rates for the transmission of data. A "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"narrowband connection"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," is a data transmission with low bandwidths. Typical examples of a narrowband connection are established Internet standards such as analog modems or ISDN modems. In contrast, "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"broadband connections"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," offer a high data transmission rate, so that data can be transmitted much faster. Broadband connections include LTE and WLAN, for example."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"With the emergence of the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Internet of Things"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", however, new challenges arose in the transmission of data. In the Internet of Things, objects and sensors are connected to each other. The "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"number of IoT devices"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," in everyday life is growing rapidly. In practice, it quickly became apparent that the normal mobile networks and SIM cards in devices such as smartphones are not suitable for an IoT use case. The more devices dialed into the existing radio cells, the faster "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"infrastructures were overloaded"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". They could no longer operate reliably under heavy load, making it difficult to use IoT applications."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Advantages of Narrowband IoT"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The narrowband IoT standard will solve these problems. It uses parts of the LTE network. This means that the globally established infrastructure for mobile telephony can also be used for this technology. Narrowband IoT has a "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"narrow bandwidth"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," and "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"consumes less energy"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". The batteries in the sensors that operate in such networks and transmit the data signals last up to ten years. For companies using this technology, there are very "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"low costs"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," both in using the service and for appropriate modems."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The specific advantage of NB-IoT is "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"good building penetration"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". NB-IoT sends and receives data even where a mobile device such as a smartphone no longer displays network bars. Thanks to "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"lower network load"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," due to narrow bandwidths, it is possible for individual radio cells to communicate with up to 50,000 devices without interference."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Alternative technologies for IoT communication"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In addition to the narrowband IoT standard, other variants exist for "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"transmitting data into IoT infrastructures"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," and operating IoT applications. These can be summarized as LPWAN standards. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"LPWAN"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," is the short form for Low Power Wide Area Network. The most important difference to the NB-IoT standard is which frequencies and protocols the respective standard uses for a network."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Some standards create an IoT network by using their "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"own grid infrastructures"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," of antennas and base stations to connect devices to sensors. Other IoT systems use "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"existing infrastructures"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," from mobile network providers that have their own mobile connectivity networks for this purpose."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Providers with their own infrastructure include SigFox from France and The Things Network (TTN) based on LoRaWAN from the non-profit LoRA Alliance. In addition to narrowband IoT, other standards that use the mobile network, mostly LTE, include "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"LTE-M"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," (Long Term Evolution for Machines). Both NB-IoT and LTE-M are available from Vodafone. Each of these standards has particular advantages and is therefore suitable for specific applications in each case."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Differences of standards in IoT projects"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"SigFox and LoRaWAN offer their own dedicated networks for IoT applications and their sensors. This turns out to be an advantage where the network coverage of mobile network providers is not yet sufficient. In addition to the infrastructure, the two standards also provide "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"secure grids"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," to protect the data in a network. However, these networks are only suitable for those applications that require "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"small data transfers at specific times"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". They are not designed to permanently transfer large amounts of data."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"NB-IoT and LTE-M are based on the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"LTE standard from 3GPP"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". This makes them part of the mobile communications infrastructure, using frequency ranges in the LTE bands. Narrowband-IoT shows its strength as a standard in that suppliers of IoT applications do not have to build their own network to achieve sufficient network coverage in Germany. NB-IoT is also suitable for transmitting small amounts of data that "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"sensors"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," deliver to IoT devices at specific intervals. The sensors can be used both locally untethered as well as immobile and fixed. In operation, these remain permanently in a given radio cell. LTE-M, on the other hand, can be used to transmit higher volumes of data for IoT projects that are in motion."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Use cases with NB-IoT"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"use cases for LPWAN standards"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," are many and varied. Right now, many use cases are already in development and testing. Central to IoT applications is the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"idea of the smart city"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", where many innovative and smart scenarios can be designed. The starting point is the concept of using sensors to collect as much data as possible about a city and deriving insights from it. The "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"evaluation of data"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," thus enables measures to be taken that are geared to the needs of end users. Manufacturers also gain valuable information that they can incorporate into the development of new products."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Narrowband in a smart city"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"One example of such applications is "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"smart parking"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," in many cities. Parking lots are equipped with sensors that map a network via NB-IoT and send up-to-date information on parking lot occupancy. Apps can process the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"database"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," and use it to document available parking spaces. Drivers access it on their smartphones to find an available parking space."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Another example of applications based on NB-IoT is the entire field of "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"smart home systems"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". Technologies that rely on the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"exchange of data"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," via narrowband can be used there. For example, sensors measure humidity or temperatures in the home and regulate heating or ventilation in the rooms via control units."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Smart metering"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," also serves as a practical example of IoT technology. This involves the automatic reading of electricity and gas meters. The meters are often located in basements or apartments and are not accessible to municipal utility staff. LPWA technology’s advantage of being able to easily penetrate walls and floors in buildings pays off ideally here."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"IoT with Narrowband in practice"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Away from a smart city, narrowband IoT or another LPWA standard can be used everywhere and even in agriculture. This is where "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"smart farming"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," comes in. 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This article provides insight into how we achieve these goals in customer projects."],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"f1ab872f-a154-4c44-a8ce-a6a632bf6279"],"title":[0,"Data-driven Decisions in IoT Projects | IoT Blog"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,""],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0,"IoT Blog | Overview of the Value Added by IoT Data through the Use of AI & Data Science for Successful Implementation of Predictive Maintenance"],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"contactText":[0,"If you have any questions or would like to realise a project with us, \nplease contact us by e-mail."],"publishedAt":[0,"2022-07-05 00:00"],"contactTitle":[0,"Do you have questions?"],"contactSection":[0,false]}],"slug":[0,"datenbasierte-entscheidungen"],"full_slug":[0,"blog/datenbasierte-entscheidungen"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-1480],"tag_list":[1,[[0,"AI"]]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,419913290],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"dbed42a6-5fdb-4a16-8a30-f99af8ef513c"],"first_published_at":[0,"2022-07-05T12:35:00.000Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"blog/datenbasierte-entscheidungen"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"blog/datenbasierte-entscheidungen"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,true]}]]]}],[0,{"name":[0,"Event-Retrospect - Vodafone Group introduced their IoT Centres of Competency"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-24T09:37:01.906Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:26.572Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:26.598Z"],"id":[0,552812473],"uuid":[0,"68068411-2bc8-46be-86c2-8ccada4e5f17"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"0414f63f-0119-45fe-bc42-c0ca1729426b"],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17435159],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1920x1080/4c31641be5/how-to-iot.jpg"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"title":[0,"Event-Retrospect - Vodafone Group introduced their IoT Centres of Competency"],"author":[0,{"name":[0,"Paul Haigh"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-24T09:36:05.024Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-11-12T10:57:40.075Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-11-12T10:57:40.100Z"],"id":[0,552812469],"uuid":[0,"339e5a92-7010-4310-91a4-4b202dc42964"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"c909ac64-0454-4459-815d-a8768d754bba"],"name":[0,"Paul Haigh"],"role":[0,"VP Sales"],"email":[0,{"id":[0,""],"url":[0,""],"linktype":[0,"story"],"fieldtype":[0,"multilink"],"cached_url":[0,""]}],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17725163],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1280x1280/683c21b006/paul-haigh.jpg"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"linkedIn":[0,{"id":[0,""],"url":[0,"https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-haigh-b832ab/"],"target":[0,"_blank"],"linktype":[0,"url"],"fieldtype":[0,"multilink"],"cached_url":[0,"https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-haigh-b832ab/"]}],"component":[0,"Person"]}],"slug":[0,"paul-haigh"],"full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/paul-haigh"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-530],"tag_list":[1,[]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,492023996],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"32330a02-668b-4e4e-8017-ed900e992ba3"],"first_published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:34.248Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/paul-haigh"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"_data/persons/paul-haigh"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,null]}]]],"_stopResolving":[0,true]}],"contact":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"7b486781-56aa-4f30-8228-fd4c349afddc"],"align":[0,""],"width":[0,""],"content":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In the call, I discussed three bespoke projects, one to connect hospital beds for the care bed manufacturer called “Stiegelmeyer”, another concerning a “Digital Addressable Lighting Interface” (DALI) LPWA gateway for our customer BEGA, a water metering LPWA gateway for “RWW” to help with leakage detection and finally a few other examples from different market segments. 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Normally the focus is Vodafone’s core IoT business and connectivity. In this instance though, Vodafone decided to do “an introduction to the Vodafone IoT Centres of Competency”. 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In the simplest case, exactly one file with a new firmware version is played on exactly one device. In practice, however, FOTA often involves an "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"individual and comprehensive range of requirements"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". Generally it is a matter of equipping entire fleets of devices with the latest version of the software."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Sometimes, however, "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"only defined parts of the fleet are to be equipped with new firmware"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". This is relevant, among other things, if different device hardware is used in the field and the firmware is then only to be rolled out for a specific device type."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Sometimes you also want to provide "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"special firmware versions with particularly many or particularly few functions"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," to certain customers or customer groups. Or it is a matter of closing "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"newly identified security gaps"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," in certain hardware/firmware combinations by means of an over-the-air update."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In some cases, it is necessary to check "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"which version of the firmware is on the device"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", because new firmware can only be rolled out on defined, already installed software versions. In case the firmware of the device does not have a suitable version, but if, "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"intermediate updates"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," have to be executed, so that the condition for a successful installation of the latest firmware is then fulfilled. Last but not least, what is challenging is that NB-IoT devices are often deployed in a low-power manner. If the devices are in "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"NB-IoT energy saving modes such as PSM or eDRX"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", these devices are not accessible at all times. In these modes, the devices are “sleeping” and therefore cannot be accessed by the grid. For such cases it must be monitored when the devices wake up, because only then there are "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"corresponding time windows"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," in which the devices can also be addressed."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"How is the new version started?"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Once the file has been successfully transferred, the new firmware is installed immediately. For this purpose, the newly downloaded firmware is written to a separate designated partition on the device. The original firmware version remains untouched. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"After the reboot, the device recognizes that there is a new firmware and tries to boot from the corresponding partition."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," If this succeeds, then the device uses the new firmware and the old firmware can be deleted or overwritten. If the reboot with the new firmware fails (signature check failed, defective image…), the bootloader automatically boots again from the previous firmware version. **This prevents a device from becoming unusable in the field due to FOTA problems."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"What does fleet or device management do?"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"With fleet or device management, "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"device status and versioning"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," can be managed. This can ensure that the right devices are supplied with the right software at the right time. As mentioned above, an appropriate device management (in the backend) must determine the need for firmware updates for the defined devices. After that, there is a need to monitor their status in terms of accessibility, start the FOTA process and register successful completion."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The versioning and fleet management requirements described above are usually addressed via **specialized FOTA systems such as "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Eclipse Hawkbit"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://www.eclipse.org/hawkbit/"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}],[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," in conjunction with network-side FOTA process support (e.g. via LwM2M)."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Which application-specific requirements are relevant for firmware over-the-air?"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Furthermore, in practice there are additional requirements that depend on the area of application. Common requirements from the automotive/e-bike sector, for example, are that updates can be transmitted at will, but "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"must only be installed when the devices are not in operation"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". On the one hand, this must be functionally ensured, since the devices boot with the existing firmware until the new firmware is completely installed. On the other hand, appropriate signaling to the user must also be ensured."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Here it is common to "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"display"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," a running firmware update process either on the device (diode), screen or in an app. After that, the execution of the update is triggered by the user."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"How does grandcentrix support FOTA for NB-IoT?"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"grandcentrix offers a "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"connectivity service „NB-IoT+“"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," integrated into the Vodafone network. With the Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) “Cellular Hub”, this supports not only SIM card management, protocol conversion of NB-IoT user data to MQTT, but also the FOTA process in particular."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Due to the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"very different requirements"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", only the central functions of the software update are supported here in a focused manner. With the current feature set, it is possible to assign a firmware file to a Cellular Hub device identified by its mobile number (“UCCID”) and trigger a download. This update process is currently applied manually to individual devices via a customer service process. In this process, the firmware version provided is transferred to the device without further testing."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The FOTA process is triggered via the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Cellular Hub Management Console (hubctl)"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". grandcentrix employees with appropriate permissions (customer service, CIOT team, integration engineers working on a customer project) are able to initiate a FOTA process. For this purpose, there is documentation on how to perform the FOTA process."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Alternatively, the transfer process can also be initiated "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"by the customer’s backend"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". The customer’s backend then selects which file should be transferred to which device at which time for the FOTA process. This is necessary to support "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"more complex FOTA processes"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". For example, when devices are not online at all times or when working with different hardware and software versions in the field."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"What are the planned enhancements for NB-IoT FOTA from grandcentrix ?"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"File management"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"It is intended to set up a dedicated file management for different files. This feature will mainly allow to handle "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"different firmware files"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," and allow the customer backend to take "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"complete control of the FOTA process via API"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Machine-to-Machine API"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"File management is to be made available to external (web) services via an open API. This will allow customer projects to integrate "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"FOTA functionality into their customer solution"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". With the API it will also be possible to script the FOTA process, e.g. to perform a "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"stage rollout or to update a whole fleet of devices at once"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Fleet Management Perspective"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Due to the different requirements, fleet management will also "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"perspectively be in the customer’s scope"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". For this, the CoAP URL of the firmware file provided by the file management will be forwarded to the relevant devices and the handling of the LwM2M firmware update status will be done by themselves. 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For example, to fix bugs afterwards, to roll out new functionalities and last but not least for cybersecurity reasons."],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"81fde387-a6bd-4daa-8f6c-16bb7c5deca5"],"title":[0,"Firmware-over-the-Air (FOTA) via NB-IoT | Part 2 | IoT Blog"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,""],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0,"Practical Example on Software Updates for IoT Devices and grandcentrix Services for Supporting Projects in Product Connectivity ► Read on now!"],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"contactText":[0,"If you have any questions or would like to realise a project with us, \nplease contact us by e-mail."],"publishedAt":[0,"2022-06-10 00:00"],"contactTitle":[0,"Do you have questions?"],"contactSection":[0,false]}],"slug":[0,"fota-praxis"],"full_slug":[0,"blog/fota-praxis"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-1120],"tag_list":[1,[[0,"Embedded"],[0,"Cloud-Backend"],[0,"NB-IoT"],[0,"Connectivity"]]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,419913290],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"00729d18-d008-4f32-8583-1cbf39081805"],"first_published_at":[0,"2022-06-10T12:35:00.000Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"blog/fota-praxis"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"blog/fota-praxis"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,true]}]]]}],[0,{"name":[0,"Firmware Over-the-Air (FOTA) via Narrowband IoT (Part 1/2 - Basics)"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-23T12:16:09.422Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:41.528Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:41.577Z"],"id":[0,552273671],"uuid":[0,"d3cb2697-b548-47b7-bd77-f2c4deb47de4"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"715495e8-df0d-4d9c-839d-fca6c6103f87"],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17442956],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1920x1080/471d774bf8/blog-header-21.jpg"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"title":[0,"Firmware Over-the-Air (FOTA) via Narrowband IoT (Part 1/2 - Basics)"],"author":[0,{"name":[0,"Christian Pereira"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-23T12:39:52.672Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:36.254Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:36.284Z"],"id":[0,552311913],"uuid":[0,"97c63b34-49ee-460e-ad3d-8c54984d2981"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"8e4c05c7-1077-443a-8342-a9aaa8911977"],"name":[0,"Christian Pereira"],"role":[0,"Chief Operating Officer"],"email":[0,{"id":[0,""],"url":[0,""],"linktype":[0,"story"],"fieldtype":[0,"multilink"],"cached_url":[0,""]}],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17411933],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/144x144/cdd1afaa81/person-cpe.png"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"component":[0,"Person"]}],"slug":[0,"christian-pereira"],"full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/christian-pereira"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-410],"tag_list":[1,[]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,492023996],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"3d6099ef-0bbb-40c1-b406-f96b3fb133f7"],"first_published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:36.254Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/christian-pereira"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"_data/persons/christian-pereira"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,null]}]]],"_stopResolving":[0,true]}],"contact":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"09d83fd7-4616-4e67-8bb9-76e0205a4af2"],"align":[0,""],"width":[0,""],"content":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Why write this article?"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"FOTA is a "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"regular, useful requirement"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," in IoT systems. This article is intended to convey a good understanding of the systems involved in FOTA, as well as the challenges and implementation options."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"What is firmware?"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In the Internet of Things, “"],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"embedded systems"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"” are used in a variety of application areas. For example, in electronic medical devices, washing machines, airplanes, automobiles, refrigerators, televisions, DVD players, set-top boxes, routers, cell phones, or in entertainment electronics devices in general. The term “embedded system” is used to describe electronic computers that are integrated (embedded) in a technical context. In this context, the computer either performs "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"monitoring, control or regulation functions, or is responsible for some form of data or signal processing"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". This is the case, for example, with encryption and decryption, coding or decoding, or filtering. In practice, one finds a variety of otherwise autonomous embedded systems being connected, for example in vehicles or airplanes."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Embedded systems are often tailored for special tasks. An "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"optimized, mixed hardware-software implementation"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," is usually chosen for this. Here, the great flexibility of a software is combined with the performance of the hardware. The software is used both to control the system itself and to enable the system to interact with the outside world "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"via defined interfaces or protocols"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," (e.g. Modbus, CAN bus, ZigBee for wireless communication or IP via Ethernet)."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"As previously selected hardware, especially out in the field, cannot be easily modified, the embedded software, also known as firmware, is of particular importance. The firmware required for the device is "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"usually flashed"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," onto the device during the production process via interfaces designed for this purpose. So-called “bed of nails adapters” are used for this and are also used to support and carry out the final tests on the production line. This allows IoT devices to be tested in the manufacturing process with regard to the function of the overall system consisting of hardware and software."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"It should be noted that "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"further development and maintenance of the firmware normally takes place after the completion of product development"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". This is done in order to correct subsequently identified errors, to enable new or modified functions of the device or also to correct newly discovered security vulnerabilities - so-called zero day exploits. 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The new firmware is stored on the device in such a way that it runs on the device after a restart (“reboot”) of the hardware."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In order to be able to use FOTA, it is therefore not only necessary for the transmission to function error-free and completely, but the boot process must also be supported by the end device and the firmware that has already been uploaded. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"The systems must be able to ensure reception of the new firmware and the subsequent installation"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". 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This can predict failures and at the same time prevent them through early maintenance work by workers. Intelligent sensors provide detailed information on the functionality of a specific hardware or software and trigger the integrated alarm function already in case of unusual operations and potential problem cases. 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Focus topic: automation. For simple, fast and cost-effective device connectivity, grandcentrix has developed the “Swiss army knife” of IIoT applications - Modbus Cloud Connect for NB-IoT. Can we help you with the functionality of your digitalization strategy with IIoT?"],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"14695154-f17c-4f0f-a91b-c7364aecf0f6"],"title":[0,"Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) | Smart Factory | IoT Blog"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,""],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0,"Overview of the Benefits of a Smart Factory | Convergence of OT and IT in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for Digital Transformation in Industrial Enterprises ► Read on now!"],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"contactText":[0,"If you have any questions or would like to realise a project with us, \nplease contact us by e-mail."],"publishedAt":[0,"2022-04-30 00:00"],"contactTitle":[0,"Do you have questions?"],"contactSection":[0,false]}],"slug":[0,"iiot"],"full_slug":[0,"blog/iiot"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-1160],"tag_list":[1,[[0,"Energy"],[0,"Industrial IoT"]]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,419913290],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"fb53b60e-0fe4-43b5-bb86-06ea5c21fab4"],"first_published_at":[0,"2022-04-30T12:35:00.000Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"blog/iiot"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"blog/iiot"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,true]}]]]}],[0,{"name":[0,"Spelsberg and grandcentrix develop smart charging station"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-24T08:29:43.285Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:26.918Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:26.945Z"],"id":[0,552780095],"uuid":[0,"d30d80f6-7a63-4b23-9510-e950847c939f"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"48970f6e-6ee4-4304-83e3-587446b180c4"],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17419005],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/2000x1333/316856de34/spelsberg-featured.jpg"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"title":[0,"Spelsberg and grandcentrix develop smart charging station"],"author":[0,{"name":[0,"Placeholder"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-19T08:41:14.854Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:39.605Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:39.635Z"],"id":[0,550359667],"uuid":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"f9660e25-2c40-4b69-a353-92ac9581d2b8"],"name":[0,"Anonymous"],"role":[0,"grandcentrix employee"],"email":[0,{"id":[0,""],"url":[0,""],"linktype":[0,"story"],"fieldtype":[0,"multilink"],"cached_url":[0,""]}],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17010743],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/52x52/23659d042d/sebastian-boll.png"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"component":[0,"Person"]}],"slug":[0,"placeholder"],"full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-210],"tag_list":[1,[]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,492023996],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"5c90f71e-e357-4c77-9d8e-47e6f58b09eb"],"first_published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:11:30.452Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,null]}]]],"_stopResolving":[0,true]}],"contact":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"be112f89-86c7-4dfb-8297-052e7bbf81fa"],"align":[0,""],"width":[0,""],"content":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The Challenge: Reliable connection at any location"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The development of the smart charging station which is based on the existing classic version presented us with special technical challenges. One requirement of the smart charging station, for example, was to ensure a stable Internet connection at various locations with different Internet accesses, both in the city center at a building via WLAN and on a remote viewing platform with only 2G network coverage."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"So depending on the location, there are different ways, but also limitations, to get the charging station on the Internet. Furthermore, the mobile charging station is constantly developed further and the firmware is also improved in the course of this. Thus, the software has to be updated during the life cycle of a charging station, even if the charging station has already been installed and in operation for some time."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17419006],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1200x565/11ec0262d6/spelsberg-video.jpg"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5J5kpl3ULw"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,"_self"],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Enabling smart products with our communication module"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"As a result of the technical challenges, we analyzed the different connectivity options with various components based on the specific functional requirements. This allowed us to determine the most profitable option in terms of system maintainability and cost. In addition, the solution we developed brings the product to the Internet everywhere using the simplest and fastest option, even at difficult locations with a cellular antenna optimized exactly for the available installation space. This is made possible by implementing different communication channels for the Internet connection. The smart charging station can be securely connected to one and the same hardware via LAN connection, WLAN, 4G or even 2G mobile radio, thus meeting the requirements of individual locations."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17419004],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1200x1208/5889fd2edf/spelsberg-ladestation.png"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Another advantage of our solution is that it allows the latest firmware to be installed via “over-the-air update” on all devices currently in operation: Employees do not have to travel to the stations, which saves personnel, time and costs, and makes the overall processes more transparent, faster and simpler. In order to also meet Spelsberg’s production requirements, we have developed our solution in such a way that it is possible to produce both the classic and the smart charging station in parallel by simply extending the production line."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Not only do we think about the result, but also about easy and efficient internal processes for our customer. Ultimately, we have not only designed our software to work in the field during regular operation, but have also thought through the entire manufacturing process at Spelsberg in the factory. The assembly worker can handle the entire quality assurance for the Internet connection in addition to the assembly process of the charging station. This efficient way of working can significantly save costs."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],"component":[0,"RichText"]}]]],"subject":[0,""],"abstract":[0,"The market for light electric vehicles has experienced immense growth in recent years. E-bikes, e-scooters or similar vehicle have become an integral part of modern mobility in cities. Accordingly, the demand for charging stations, designed to allow e-bikes, as well as pedelecs and other LEVs, to be charged in all conceivable places without having to carry a charger with them, is also increasing.\n\nOur customer Spelsberg has recognized this potential and thought one step further. Spelsberg now also sells a smart version in addition to the classic charging station. But what exactly does “smart” mean in this context? In addition to the advantages for the end user, such as quickly finding the nearest charging station via app, the smart charging station also offers many advantages and simplifications for the operator: Real-time monitoring and remote control of all charging stations in operation, for example, make it possible to set operating times and receive data on usage and error messages in real time. 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The post-Covid reprise of the popular masterclass event focused on an important core question in holistic scope: What do you need to think about to implement IoT projects in your company?"],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"59f3b525-fbab-4b79-8b6e-6d22db16e083"],"title":[0,"Internet of Things (IoT) Projects step-by-step | IoT Blog"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,""],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0," Planning and Implementation of IoT Projects Using the IoT Business Model Canvas for a Digital Business Model Enabled by Product Connectivity in the Internet of Things ► Read on now!"],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"contactText":[0,"If you have any questions or would like to realise a project with us, \nplease contact us by e-mail."],"publishedAt":[0,"2022-04-24 00:00"],"contactTitle":[0,"Do you have questions?"],"contactSection":[0,false]}],"slug":[0,"iot-projekte"],"full_slug":[0,"blog/iot-projekte"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-1240],"tag_list":[1,[[0,"Partner"],[0,"Updates & News"],[0,"UX"],[0,"Smart Products"]]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,419913290],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"dcbda680-4817-4033-9081-8a73a9d58d67"],"first_published_at":[0,"2022-04-24T12:35:00.000Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"blog/iot-projekte"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"blog/iot-projekte"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,true]}]]]}],[0,{"name":[0,"LPWAN - Wireless Networks with Low-Energy Consumption"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-24T05:38:56.064Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:11:56.115Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-10-09T08:09:46.342Z"],"id":[0,552612879],"uuid":[0,"cc6b44f5-18a3-4f77-9766-600bd8a1e9af"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"25af4546-ec57-4e32-86e4-90968012f502"],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17447722],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1920x1080/1a93d67f07/blog-header-42.png"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"title":[0,"LPWAN - Wireless Networks with Low-Energy Consumption"],"author":[0,{"name":[0,"Placeholder"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-19T08:41:14.854Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:39.605Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:39.635Z"],"id":[0,550359667],"uuid":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"f9660e25-2c40-4b69-a353-92ac9581d2b8"],"name":[0,"Anonymous"],"role":[0,"grandcentrix employee"],"email":[0,{"id":[0,""],"url":[0,""],"linktype":[0,"story"],"fieldtype":[0,"multilink"],"cached_url":[0,""]}],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17010743],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/52x52/23659d042d/sebastian-boll.png"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"component":[0,"Person"]}],"slug":[0,"placeholder"],"full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-210],"tag_list":[1,[]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,492023996],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"5c90f71e-e357-4c77-9d8e-47e6f58b09eb"],"first_published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:11:30.452Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,null]}]]],"_stopResolving":[0,true]}],"contact":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"9833d85c-889b-4704-aa63-6aab5c279449"],"align":[0,""],"width":[0,""],"content":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Definition: What does LPWAN mean?"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The term LPWAN is an abbreviation and stands for “Low-Power Wide Area Networks”. It generally describes wireless networks with low-energy consumption and a long range. The bandwidth for transmitting information is extremely low for such networks. On the other hand, they have a long range compared with other types of network such as WLAN. The use of such networks is designed to connect devices over a long range with deep building penetration at low-energy consumption. Within the connection, information is transmitted at a low volume."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17417123],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/800x448/a8eb780b29/lpwan-features-en.jpg"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"How LPWA networks work"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Similar to networks using narrowband IoT, all other LPWAN technologies are built on narrow bandwidth. Thus, only low bit rates can usually be transmitted. Consequently, such IoT networks are particularly suitable for connecting devices that do well with low information and higher latency. These are, for example, battery-powered sensors and radio modules that have a particularly long service life. LPWA networks are therefore less suitable for commercial consumer applications such as audio and video transmission. The focus is clearly on IoT applications and IoT devices, as well as machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. The basic structure mostly consists of a star topology. This means that each paired device is connected to a central control device (central access point)."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"LPWAN network typologies"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"LPWAN is representative of a group of low-power wide area networks with diverse variants. The most common types of LPWAN technologies include NB-IoT, Sigfox’s UNB, and LoRa Alliance’s LoRaWAN."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,4]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"LPWAN and NB-IoT"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The NB-IoT (Narrow Band-Internet of Things) represents a radio standard in the field of LPWAN. As the name suggests, these standards are used for data transmission on the Internet of Things to connect machines and machine elements (i.e., IoT devices) with servers. The main difference between NB-IoT and other LPWAN are different frequencies and communication protocols for transmission, energy consumption, and specifics regarding bandwidth and range."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Ultra-Narrow-Band Modulation by Sigfox"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The UNB from the French company Sigfox is a radio network that is used worldwide. It is proprietary, unlicensed, and is one of the most widely used networks in IoT. It is an ultra-narrowband technology and operates in frequency ranges from 868 to 902 MHz. In environments with clear visibility, transmissions with Sigfox are theoretically possible within 1,000 kilometers. In practice, however, there are many disadvantages for users: there is little or no opportunity to participate in the further development of the standard, and institutions such as the German Federal Network Agency are not charged with the task of dejamming the network. This can lead to susceptibility to malicious attacks and thus make one’s own applications unstable."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,4]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Long-Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWAN) of the LoRa Alliance"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"LoRaWAN is also an unlicensed network and is operated by the LoRa Alliance, an association of up to 500 companies. It is less susceptible to interference because it operates in the sub-gigaherz range. It is based on the so-called MAC layer protocol, which controls communication between IoT applications and IoT devices and the corresponding gateways. LoRaWAN is used widely, especially in connecting sensors because packet sizes can be defined concretely, unlike in other LPWAN."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,4]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Other typologies"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Other well-known LPWANs besides Sigfox and LoRaWAN are the Weightless NarrowBand IoT Networks, which were launched by the Weightless SIG (Special Interest Group) organization. The three standards include the unidirectional Weightless-N, the bidirectional Weightless-P, and Weightless-W. The latter standard has the shortest operational lifetime, which is why other typologies are more popular. The major advantage of these networks is the ability to operate in the unlicensed and licensed range of narrowband technologies."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Application areas for LPWAN"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The application area of LPWAN is also steadily increasing due to the growing importance of the IoT. In the field of logistics and warehousing, corresponding applications have already been indispensable for many years and are leading to increasingly efficient supply chains. "],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Regarding water and energy supply in rural regions, LPWA networks have also unlocked great potential. Targeted and demand-driven control is possible even in the most remote areas due to their large range and long service life. Smart metering also leads to more efficient business processes, as the automated transmission of sensor values can reduce the need for service personnel. "],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"But also in terms of smart cities, corresponding IoT networks are the basis for further connectivity and development. However, the actual potentials are far from being exhausted because the understanding of the technology is just emerging."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Advantages of LPWAN use"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"“Low power” and “wide area” - the two main advantages, are already concretely defined by the network name. Finally, the low-power consumption accounts for the longevity of such networks. The long range is in perfect harmony with this because it means that devices can remain connected over huge distances for many years without the need for intervention."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Depending on networks, the lack of licensing costs adds to the attractiveness of some LPWANs. Procedures for approval and regulation usually proceed within a manageable framework. This enables a rapid roll-out of technologies with few risks."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In summary, some compromises have to be made in terms of transmission rates and the variety of modules that can be connected. On the other hand, high ranges and reduced energy consumption are possible."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Security of low-power wide area networks"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Theoretically, attacks by hackers are possible in all types of networks, including the Internet of Things. However, the actual disadvantage of LPWAN technology, its low bandwidth, turns out to be a particular advantage in this case. In addition, the connected objects are rarely attractive to be attacked by hackers. "],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"LPWAN therefore does not normally pose any major security risks. Nevertheless, caution is always advised. For this reason, we recommend that our customers use encryption such as DTLS and TLS in numerous instances. Again, the narrow bandwidth is a solvable challenge because corresponding applications usually require a minimum transmission rate. Ultimately, the issue of security for LPWAN is one which can be viewed from two perspectives."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"What does the future hold for LPWAN technology?"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The potential of IoT networks is growing rapidly in business and society. After digitalization, companies are increasingly focusing on connectivity, especially in the industrial sector. LPWA networks are a new variant and are still undergoing constant development. Nevertheless, it is important to jump on the bandwagon now and take full advantage of the opportunities offered by the Internet of Things. "],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"With the IoT experts at grandcentrix, your business case can also benefit from this change. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Contact us"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"/en/pages/contact/"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," today and let us advise you without obligation."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],"component":[0,"RichText"]}]]],"subject":[0,""],"abstract":[0,"The Internet of Things (IoT) brings countless functions and advantages when it comes to connecting devices and machines. This requires a corresponding infrastructure as a basis. One of the most commonly used technologies is LPWAN."],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"cbb90a5a-47e3-49f6-be64-f9000592c818"],"title":[0,"Wireless Communication with Low-Power-Wide-Area (LPWAN) | IoT Blog"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,""],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0,"Wireless Low-Power-Wide-Area (LPWA) Networks with Low Energy Consumption and Long Range | Alternative Technologies to LoRa and Sigfox ► Read on now!"],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"contactText":[0,"If you have any questions or would like to realise a project with us, \nplease contact us by e-mail."],"publishedAt":[0,"2022-04-16 00:00"],"contactTitle":[0,"Do you have questions?"],"contactSection":[0,false]}],"slug":[0,"lpwan"],"full_slug":[0,"blog/lpwan"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-1260],"tag_list":[1,[[0,"Green Tech"],[0,"Energy"],[0,"NB-IoT"],[0,"Connectivity"]]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,419913290],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"56dab670-c5e7-44d9-9271-4b524a52ec3a"],"first_published_at":[0,"2022-04-16T12:35:00.000Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"blog/lpwan"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"blog/lpwan"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,true]}]]]}],[0,{"name":[0,"Wie man mit NB-IoT Firmware Updates realisiert"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-24T05:48:07.582Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:27.904Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:27.925Z"],"id":[0,552612889],"uuid":[0,"528c444b-edd1-4f14-8130-7d853d679230"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"143a47b2-cc8e-418b-b2ae-c34fe05132bd"],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17442952],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1920x1080/b62aa76536/blog-header-53.jpg"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"title":[0,"Wie man mit NB-IoT Firmware Updates realisiert"],"author":[0,{"name":[0,"Placeholder"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-19T08:41:14.854Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:39.605Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:39.635Z"],"id":[0,550359667],"uuid":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"f9660e25-2c40-4b69-a353-92ac9581d2b8"],"name":[0,"Anonymous"],"role":[0,"grandcentrix employee"],"email":[0,{"id":[0,""],"url":[0,""],"linktype":[0,"story"],"fieldtype":[0,"multilink"],"cached_url":[0,""]}],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17010743],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/52x52/23659d042d/sebastian-boll.png"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"component":[0,"Person"]}],"slug":[0,"placeholder"],"full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-210],"tag_list":[1,[]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,492023996],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"5c90f71e-e357-4c77-9d8e-47e6f58b09eb"],"first_published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:11:30.452Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,null]}]]],"_stopResolving":[0,true]}],"contact":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"56701105-06ee-4166-b194-7937cf1ad7eb"],"align":[0,""],"width":[0,""],"content":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Alles wird vernetzt"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Schon der Name verrät: NB-IoT ist der Funkstandard, wenn es um das Internet of Things (IoT) geht. Er wurde speziell für die Anforderungen von vernetzten Geräten (IoT) an die Kommunikationsinfrastruktur entwickelt. Eine der größten Herausforderungen ist dabei eine exorbitante Anzahl an Geräten, die im Internet of Things erwartet und vernetzt sein wird. Denn inzwischen herrscht Einigkeit darüber, dass in Zukunft alles vernetzt werden wird, was vernetzt werden kann. Das bedeutet auch, dass IoT-Endpunkte in bis zu fünfstelligen Stückzahlen innerhalb einer einzigen Funkzelle versorgt werden müssen. Und es gibt weitere Anforderungen, die mit herkömmlichen Mobilfunkdiensten nicht abgebildet werden können."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Im Bereich des Smart Metering sind beispielsweise Funkmodule mit einer sehr hohen Gebäudedurchdringung und möglichst geringem Energieverbrauch vonnöten. Für das Tracking und die Überwachung von Waren und Geräten, bspw. von Containern, Windrädern und Nutztieren in der Landwirtschaft oder aber von Straßenlaternen, Ticketautomaten, Mülltonnen und Parkplätzen in "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"der smarten City"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://www.vodafone.de/featured/inside-vodafone/maschinennetz-fuer-smart-cities-vodafone-ruestet-staedte-fuer-die-digitale-zukunft/"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," ist wiederum eine hohe Reichweite erforderlich. Anders als bei den meisten Mobilfunkanwendungen steht bei der Vernetzung von IoT-Geräten in den allermeisten Fällen zudem nicht die hohe Datenübertragungsrate im Fokus. Für die wesentlichen Funktionen müssen nur niedrige Datenmengen in bestimmten Intervallen versendet werden."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Neben der hohen Netzabdeckung, robusten Übertragung und dem möglichst geringen Energieverbrauch, kommen schließlich noch Aspekte wie die maximale Sicherheit und geringe Kosten zum Tragen. Das alles erfüllt NB-IoT nicht zuletzt auch, da es lizensierte LTE- oder GSM-Frequenzbänder nutzt und auf eine vorhandene Infrastruktur aufbauen kann. Das geringe Datenvolumen für NB-IoT resultiert aus eben jenem Gedanken heraus, dass möglichst viele IoT-Endpunkte (vernetzte Produkte) versorgt werden können."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"OTA Firmware-Updates sind mit NB-IoT möglich"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Geht es aber um Over-the-Air (OTA) Firmware-Updates, ist das geringe Datenvolumen offenkundig problematisch. Denn für großvolumige Updates ist das NB-IoT Netz zur Zeit nicht ausgelegt. Gleichzeitig sind OTA Firmware-Updates ein entscheidender Treiber für den IoT-Erfolg bzw. ein wesentliches Merkmal smarter Produkte. Updates garantieren stets aktuelle Sicherheitsstandards, ermöglichen zusätzliche Services, eine kontinuierliche Behebung von Bugs sowie die Skalierbarkeit der vernetzen Produkte."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17417145],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/760x1024/d93ac41cd7/narrowband-updates-abdeckung.jpg"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Wie können Firmware-Updates also trotz NB-IoT realisiert werden? IoT-Lösungen der grandcentrix halten hierfür eine intelligente, technische Lösung bereit. Mit Narrowband+ sind isolierte Updates über Narrowband-IoT möglich. Entscheiden sich Unternehmen also für die Vernetzung ihrer Produkte, so sind sie gut beraten, nach der Lösung für die Bereitstellung von Updates zu fragen. Bei grandcentrix schließen sich NB-IoT und OTA Firmware-Updates jedenfalls nicht aus."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"textStyle"],"attrs":[0,{"color":[0,"rgb(43, 41, 43)"]}]}]]]}]]]}]]]}],"component":[0,"RichText"]}]]],"subject":[0,""],"abstract":[0,"NarrowBand-IoT, kurz NB-IoT, verspricht deutliche Vorteile bei der Vernetzung von Geräten (Internet of Things, IoT). Hierfür bringt es wesentlichen Merkmale mit, die herkömmliche Funklösungen nicht bieten: Insbesondere eine global harmonisierte Netzabdeckung, eine verlässliche Qualität durch Nutzung des lizenzierten Frequenzbereichs, einen geringen Energieverbrauch, eine gute Gebäudedurchdringung für den Inhouse-Einsatz und nicht zuletzt überschaubare Kosten für die Übertragung von Datentelegrammen.\n\nMit Over-the-Air (OTA) Firmware-Updates tun sich Schmalbandtechnologien jedoch schwer. Wie es trotzdem funktioniert, lesen Sie hier:"],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"9a33a0e6-146c-4446-bae3-3abaf1dda803"],"title":[0,"Wie man mit NB-IoT Firmware Updates realisiert"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,""],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0,"We are grandcentrix. | We make IoT happen."],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"contactText":[0,"If you have any questions or would like to realise a project with us, \nplease contact us by e-mail."],"publishedAt":[0,"2022-03-04 00:00"],"contactTitle":[0,"Do you have questions?"],"contactSection":[0,false]}],"slug":[0,"narrowband-updates"],"full_slug":[0,"blog/narrowband-updates"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-1300],"tag_list":[1,[[0,"Green Tech"],[0,"NB-IoT"],[0,"Connectivity"]]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,419913290],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"a664b448-67ee-455f-937d-98d74f9ec9f3"],"first_published_at":[0,"2022-03-04T13:35:00.000Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"blog/narrowband-updates"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"blog/narrowband-updates"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,true]}]]]}],[0,{"name":[0,"Hands-on Matter - The Matter Light Switch (Part 3)"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-04T13:54:38.159Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:37.610Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:37.660Z"],"id":[0,543822052],"uuid":[0,"68d16ff5-ad02-46ed-be0a-e66f6fb8861a"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"5b653fe4-3602-4732-aa4d-fd1ba7ade1e0"],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17229033],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1920x1080/8e8d9a4c8b/matter03.jpg"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"title":[0,"Hands-on Matter - The Matter Light Switch (Part 3)"],"author":[0,{"name":[0,"Tim Conrad"],"created_at":[0,"2024-08-15T12:42:36.301Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:15:51.444Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:15:51.467Z"],"id":[0,536134083],"uuid":[0,"63ed4d0d-05f7-4e83-8f5c-37d01b80a3d5"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"c7510b91-1705-456e-abd2-fdf339e0e715"],"name":[0,"Tim Conrad"],"role":[0,"Senior Security Consultant"],"email":[0,{"id":[0,""],"url":[0,""],"linktype":[0,"story"],"fieldtype":[0,"multilink"],"cached_url":[0,""]}],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17012424],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/400x400/8ba0a93ad3/person-timconrad.png"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_private":[0,false],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"component":[0,"Person"]}],"slug":[0,"tim-conrad"],"full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/tim-conrad"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-150],"tag_list":[1,[]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,492023996],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"908bfe61-4605-4a24-810d-387324d9d0de"],"first_published_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:15:51.444Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/tim-conrad"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"_data/persons/tim-conrad"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,null]}]]],"_stopResolving":[0,true]}],"contact":[0,"a2c7562e-c0f7-4e22-9d7d-5548614cefad"],"content":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"44ac1b77-0a16-418e-9fd4-216bbad6de47"],"align":[0,""],"content":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"]}],[0,{"type":[0,"blok"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,"4b460f79-4e7a-4b4b-b38e-9feab3d75328"],"body":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"i-04f8b6c0-261c-4be7-91d2-77b31aa2e2f8"],"text":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"This blog post is written for developers and other people with a technical background and interest in a security focused overview of Matter."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"]}]]]}],"type":[0,"info"],"title":[0,"Note:"],"component":[0,"InfoPanel"]}],[0,{"_uid":[0,"i-1c718d95-6af5-4d00-b75d-b80cc9dabb20"],"text":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Please note, that the Matter code open source, so a lot and examples and tools might change through out the process. We will do everything on Ubuntu 20.04. For other systems, we will provide the link to the original document in the Matter repository."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],"type":[0,"attention"],"title":[0,"Attention:"],"component":[0,"InfoPanel"]}]]]}]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"To set up the light switch, first pull the newest changes from the matter repository and set up the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"light switch example"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://github.com/project-chip/connectedhomeip/tree/master/examples/light-switch-app/esp32/"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," as follows:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"# Only perform this if you do not have the esp idf tool setup already.\nmkdir ${HOME}/tools\ncd ${HOME}/tools\ngit clone https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf.git\ncd esp-idf\ngit checkout v4.4\ngit submodule update --init\n./install.sh\n. ./export.sh\n\n# Move to your matter repo\ncd ~/connectedhomeip\ngit pull\n\n# This will remove your environmental settings just in case you have errors during the activate.\nrm -r .environment \n\n# Bootstrap and activate Matter repo\nsource ./scripts/bootstrap.sh\nsource ./scripts/activate.sh\n\n# Move to example\ncd examples/light-switch-app/esp32\n\n# Set the target\nidf.py set-target esp32\n\n# Build the app\nidf.py build\n\n# Flash it to your device\nidf.py -p /dev/ttyUSB0 flash monitor\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Now we have the light switch flashed with the firmware, to continue we need to add the device as an existing node to our fabric like we have done in "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Part 2"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"/blog/hands-on-matter-the-matter-light-bulb-part-2"],"uuid":[0,"50e35aca-bf27-4be9-a3d5-2126f04cfcb8"],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,"_self"],"linktype":[0,"story"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," with the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"chip-tool"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"./chip-tool pairing ble-wifi 12344320 \"IoT Testing\" NotTheRealPassword 20202021 3840\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"]}],[0,{"type":[0,"blok"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,"4b460f79-4e7a-4b4b-b38e-9feab3d75328"],"body":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"i-7c4ab27d-e034-45a6-ad8b-a0f9b7bc2791"],"text":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"You might notice that the pin and discriminator are the same as the one from the all-cluster app. This is just for simplicity here because these are the values pre-configured in the repository. In a real world scenario, the both would be different to avoid commissioning conflicts. Here, you need to commission the two devices after one another to avoid that."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],"type":[0,"info"],"title":[0,"Note:"],"component":[0,"InfoPanel"]}],[0,{"_uid":[0,"i-dd4103fa-0608-4506-a216-b4b8d806c6b8"],"text":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"If you have trouble to write the ACL to the light (all-cluster-app) this might be because you rebooted at some point and the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"chip-tool"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," has lost its certificates. The certificates are stored in "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"/tmp/chip"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}],[0,{"type":[0,"italic"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"*"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," and are not persistent after reboot. If you wish to continue make a copy of them to restore them to any given point."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],"type":[0,"info"],"title":[0,"Note:"],"component":[0,"InfoPanel"]}]]]}]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The light switch will have the Node ID "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"12344320"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," (and the all-cluster-app had the Node ID "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"12344321"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,")."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Now we need to provide the all-cluster-app "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"[12344321]"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," with an access control list (ACL) that allows the light-switch _"],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"[12344320]"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," to access the on-off-cluster (Endpoint "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"1"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", Cluster "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"6"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"). Then we will take a closer look at the following command:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"./chip-tool accesscontrol write acl '[{\"fabricIndex\": 1, \"privilege\": 5, \"authMode\": 2, \"subjects\": [112233], \"targets\": null },{\"fabricIndex\": 1, \"privilege\": 3, \"authMode\": 2, \"subjects\": [12344320], \"targets\": null }]' 12344321 0\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The comments explain the used ACL a bit closer:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"[{\n \"fabricIndex\": 1, // Symbolizes the fabric to which the ACL belongs (important for multi-fabric usage)\n \"privilege\": 5, // 5 refers to highest privilege (Administer)\n \"authMode\": 2, // CASE authentication (1 - PASE authentication)\n \"subjects\": [112233], // Refers to the chip-tool node id\n \"targets\": null // null means wildcard therefore all endpoints are targets\n}, {\n \"fabricIndex\": 1,\n \"privilege\": 3, // 3 - Operate\n \"authMode\": 2, // CASE authentication\n \"subjects\": [12344320], // Node ID of the light switch\n \"targets\": null // wildcard, operate all endpoints\n}]\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The Node Id "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"12344321"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," (all-cluster-app) and the endpoint "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"0"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," are reserved for matter protocol-specific clusters, e.g., binding, pairing, etc."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Basically, the first ACL was provided by the commissioning process and allows our CLI tool ("],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"chip-tool"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,") to access and administer the two devices. The second ACL gives the light-switch the access to operate the on-off cluster (or in this case all clusters). (These are too many rights and should be limited in production use, but for an example, it is okay.)"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"./chip-tool binding write binding '[{\"fabricIndex\": 1, \"node\":12344321, \"endpoint\":1, \"cluster\":6}]' 12344320 1\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The binding will tell the light switch where it can operate:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,null]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"[{\n \"fabricIndex\": 1, // Symbolizes the fabric to which the ACL belongs\n \"node\": 12344321, // Node of the light (all-cluster-app)\n \"endpoint\": 1, // Endpoint of the on-off-cluster\n \"cluster\": 6 // on-off-cluster\n}]\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Now you can press the boot button on the light ESP (close to the USB-Port) and you will see the light turn on."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17267914],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1280x720/1940dfa6d9/matter-pt3-1.gif"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"This concludes our series, we have now a fully working example end to end. Our two Matter devices communicate with each other and we learned about all basic concepts to start working on our own ideas."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Part 4"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"/blog/hands-on-matter-the-matter-bridge-part-4"],"uuid":[0,"08a07370-31a5-4022-972a-cc8d53c5c19e"],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,"_self"],"linktype":[0,"story"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," we will take a step further and look at Matter Bridges, this will be especially interesting for all that already own or maintain an existing smart home system."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],"component":[0,"RichText"]}]]],"subject":[0,""],"abstract":[0,"In Part 1 and Part 2 we took a look at the basic concepts and walked through the all-cluster app for an example matter device and turned a light on and off using our CLI. Now we will implement a matter light switch that will do this for us to complete our setup."],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"6d77b4f3-856c-44c0-8a45-c7d39925de55"],"title":[0,"Matter Light Switch| Hands-on Matter Part 3 | IoT Blog"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1920x1080/8e8d9a4c8b/matter03.jpg"],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0,"Practical Example on Implementing a Matter Light Switch as a Functional Example for Smart Home Communication with a Focus on the Code ► Read on now!"],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"FooterItems":[1,[]],"contactText":[0,"Hi, I'm Patrick. Do you have any questions about Matter? 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These are the communication costs, the hardware/modem costs, and the relevant operating costs. Let’s start with the good news: "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Narrowband IoT impresses in all dimensions of consideration with a cost-effective application"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", especially in comparison with conventional cellular mobile communications. Communications costs are very low compared to traditional cellular. As a result, installation is now often economically viable even in devices where this previously failed due to the monetary cost**. The hardware costs are "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"considerably lower"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," compared to LTE / 5G nets. This concerns the modems but also the additional components that are needed. Modern system-on-a-chip (SoC) solutions have "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"powerful dual-mode modems in a fingernail-sized package space"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In addition, a powerful microprocessor (ARM Cortex M33 class) is also found for NB-IoT and LTE-M. The latter convinces with "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"sufficient main memory and extended hardware security features"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". In terms of operating costs, two major benefits contribute to cost reduction. In Germany, for example, a “fallback” to the network of another mobile carrier is already included in the price. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"This “national roaming” creates the necessary redundancy in network operation."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," The main cost driver, the cost block for maintenance, is also optimized because battery runtimes are maximized due to low energy consumption. This has a direct impact on the financial parameters in the life cycle. Due to the high replacement costs of batteries, their lifetime often limits the lifetime of the entire device. Significantly extending the operating time can lower the product price and thus enable new applications."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Benefits of NB-IoT 2: Network operation with optimal energy efficiency"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In terms of energy efficiency, narrowband IoT is significantly superior to classic mobile communications (2G/3G/4G/5G)."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," IoT applications generally function like a transmitting sensor that transmits sensor data every couple of hours. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Such a sensor can be in sleep mode for hours."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," In this respect, it only wakes up to check incoming data and upload it every few hours. This process is called “paging.” "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"This increases energy efficiency by a multiple."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," To improve the battery life of IoT devices, the power-saving mode PSM (Powersafe Mode) was introduced in 3GPP Release 12. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"PSM is similar to simply “powering down.”"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," The exception is that the device remains registered on the network even in this unreachable state."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The use of "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"PSM results in reduced energy consumption"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", as the energy-intensive, regular re-logging into the network is no longer necessary. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"The devices only require energy when data is being sent or received"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". Therefore, they are in powersave mode most of the time. Depending on the application, battery runtimes of more than ten years can be achieved. When using PSM, however, it should be noted that "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"devices in PSM state cannot receive external data"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". So you have to know when exactly the device will wake up again in order to then communicate data to the device. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"To enable this more elegantly, Discontinuous Reception (DRX) was evolved to eDRX."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," The goal was to further reduce power consumption and extend battery life. An advance that is "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"especially beneficial"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," for use in smartphones and other LTE devices."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In NB-IoT, eDRX allows the IoT device to sleep for a long time and wake up periodically to check paging. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"In doing so, the duration of the sleep state can be configured in eDRX"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". This saves a lot of power, unlike traditional DRX. For eDRX to work, there must be perfect time synchronization between the IoT device and the network. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"The network in question must support eDRX"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". Thus, both methods can be used to achieve a long deep sleep of the devices and thus a significant energy saving. Always with the simultaneous possibility of "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"receiving data from the device on a regular basis and also sending data to the device."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Benefits of NB-IoT 3: Good coverage by international mobile carriers"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Narrowband IoT operates in two frequency bands in Europe - 800Mhz (Band 20) and 900Mhz (Band 8). "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"The low frequency of NB-IoT means that the signals have a long range"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". This means that good area coverage can be achieved with just a few radio cells. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"The low wavelength also enables high building penetration."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," This makes Narrowband-IoT the ideal transmission standard for use cases within objects. The same applies in other locations where undisturbed reception can otherwise not be guaranteed. **The signal also penetrates through thick walls and into basement rooms, a feature that is a benefit for smart metering, for example, i.e. intelligent electricity, water or heat supply. The only requirement for operating an IoT platform is a good Internet connection."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Benefits of NB-IoT 4: Simplicity in securing network operation"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Before narrowband IoT was ready for the market, it was common practice to set up a “fallback” as a safeguard when using 3G and 4G for data transmission. In this, a digital safety net was set up in case of network disruptions or radio holes. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"When using NB-IoT, this “fallback” is already automatically in place through the networks of other service providers"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". This means that an IoT device automatically logs on to network operator B in the event of a network disruption from network operator A. If LTE-M is also available in the affected region, this network can also be used as a additional fallback option without any problems. If the hardware used (modem) supports this, the manufacturer’s firmware can be configured accordingly."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In tenders, it often happens that a 2G fallback is still requested out of historical reflex. However, this is not necessary and is also counterproductive, as it negates many of the LPWAN benefits described. Specifically, the following challenges arise. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"While there are currently combo chips for NB-IoT and LTE-M, 2G must be supplemented via a corresponding module."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," Combo chips generically support both standards. However, the hardware costs for modem operation are doubled. In addition, 2G takes place in a different frequency band. Thus, the bill of material (BOM) is further burdened by an additional antenna."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"However, the decisive factor is "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"that 2G has not been designed for energy-saving operation."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," In the case of a transmission via the 2G modem, considerably more energy is required. Especially "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"in the case of battery operation, the battery life can no longer be guaranteed"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". In addition, the GSM technology on which 2G is based requires considerable pulse currents. Current battery chemistry technologies with long lifetimes, especially those that are not rechargeable, cannot deliver these. In general, IoT security is high and protected by application over the network services of international cellular carriers. So the implementation of narrowband IoT is equivalent to the introduction of an integrated security solution - with excellent functionality throughout."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Benefits of NB-IoT 5: High scalability in IoT application"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The technology standard "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Narrowband IoT has been targeting mass applications since the development phase"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". IoT devices do not have to re-register every time the connection was interrupted. They continue to be known to the network as subscribers even in the event of disruptions. Compared to conventional mobile communications usage by other end devices, this results in a significantly reduced network load. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Many more terminals can be managed in individual cells"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," than is the case with conventional services (2G/3G/4G)."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"This also makes it easy to deploy large-scale applications in individual locations (e.g., "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"small-scale rollout of sensor technology in smart city applications"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"). Congestion on the data highway is thereby avoided. The solution toward ease in network operation of IoT applications is: cloud computing. The data volumes called up in each case are bundled in the cloud and can thus be retrieved regardless of location and time. A cloud interface responds in real time. With the right configuration of your infrastructure and a corporate network with edge computing, you can secure your IoT data holistically. Monitoring on the IoT platform is crucial here. The focus is on various security and data protection features."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Benefits of NB-IoT 6: Security and reliability in everyday business"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Unlike other LPWA networks such as LoRaWAN, Narrowband-IoT is a licensed cellular standard. "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"So NB-IoT has all the security and privacy features of cellular networks"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". These include "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"data integrity, confidentiality or secure authentication"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". In addition, the NB-IoT standard provides for optional DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security) as a further encryption option for data transmission via a UDP (User Datagram Protocol)."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"]}]]]}],"component":[0,"RichText"]}]]],"subject":[0,""],"abstract":[0,"The benefits of narrowband IoT are reflected in multiple aspects. Briefly summarized: NB-IoT can be used to send and receive small amounts of data from IoT devices at a low cost point. This is done in a particularly energy-efficient manner, enabling long-lasting battery operation. NB-IoT also has good area coverage due to the frequencies used. In addition, Narrowband-IoT inspires with a good building penetration all the way down to the basement. The technology is available from many network operators, ensuring excellent international coverage. In the following, we explain the benefits of Narrowband-IoT in detail."],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"314a2c3e-300c-44f7-abee-6487467bf09a"],"title":[0,"Benefits of Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) | Network Technologies | IoT Blog"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,""],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0,"Efficient, secure, scalable & cost-effective small data transfer from IoT devices using NB-IoT | Discover the benefits of LPWA technology ► Learn more!"],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"contactText":[0,"If you have any questions or would like to realise a project with us, \nplease contact us by e-mail."],"publishedAt":[0,"2022-01-19 00:00"],"contactTitle":[0,"Do you have questions?"],"contactSection":[0,false]}],"slug":[0,"vorteile-von-narrowband-iot"],"full_slug":[0,"blog/vorteile-von-narrowband-iot"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-580],"tag_list":[1,[[0,"Energy"],[0,"Green Tech"],[0,"NB-IoT"],[0,"Connectivity"]]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,419913290],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"806bd1b4-af26-47b8-90a6-27f96e3eb649"],"first_published_at":[0,"2022-01-19T14:55:00.000Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"blog/vorteile-von-narrowband-iot"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"blog/vorteile-von-narrowband-iot"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,true]}]]]}],[0,{"name":[0,"Contact Tracing – Lösungen für den neuen Arbeitsalltag"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-23T11:28:23.125Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:11:58.795Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:11:58.819Z"],"id":[0,552229737],"uuid":[0,"5bd52dee-50a2-454a-83bc-ad8841fe7c2b"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"4438b972-6f5c-4ae5-a55d-f8e1ff4316a5"],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17442940],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1920x1080/85055389ff/blog-header-34.jpg"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"title":[0,"Contact Tracing – Lösungen für den neuen Arbeitsalltag"],"author":[0,{"name":[0,"Placeholder"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-19T08:41:14.854Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:39.605Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:39.635Z"],"id":[0,550359667],"uuid":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"f9660e25-2c40-4b69-a353-92ac9581d2b8"],"name":[0,"Anonymous"],"role":[0,"grandcentrix employee"],"email":[0,{"id":[0,""],"url":[0,""],"linktype":[0,"story"],"fieldtype":[0,"multilink"],"cached_url":[0,""]}],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17010743],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/52x52/23659d042d/sebastian-boll.png"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"component":[0,"Person"]}],"slug":[0,"placeholder"],"full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-210],"tag_list":[1,[]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,492023996],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"5c90f71e-e357-4c77-9d8e-47e6f58b09eb"],"first_published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:11:30.452Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,null]}]]],"_stopResolving":[0,true]}],"contact":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"11c86125-5ef3-4013-bf9e-b283dcdc3c87"],"align":[0,""],"width":[0,""],"content":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Rückkehr ins Büro ermöglichen"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Die Pandemie ist noch immer allgegenwärtig, doch eine hundertprozentige Home-Office-Policy ist nach einem knappen halben Jahr nur noch schwer durchsetzbar. Ein persönliches Zusammentreffen von Mitarbeitern ist in vielen Fällen entscheidend für den Geschäftserfolg und eine Nutzung der Büroräume muss zumindest in Teilen möglich gemacht werden, ohne dass dadurch die Gesundheit oder persönliche Daten der Mitarbeiter in Gefahr gebracht werden."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17410335],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1000x563/132d9360ac/contact-tracing-header.jpg"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Mit dem Token meldet man sich im Büro an. Tritt der Fall einer Infektion auf, können schnell alle Beteiligten identifiziert und gewarnt werden."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Mögliche Lösungen für ein Contact Tracing im Büro"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Wir haben uns bereits mit den Möglichkeiten einer Nachverfolgung eventueller Infektionsketten beschäftigt und eine Lösung in den grandcentrix Büroräumen im Einsatz. Uns war bei der Lösungsfindung wichtig, dass sich die Kontaktnachverfolgung klar von der klassischen Zeiterfassung unterscheidet und so unkompliziert wie möglich einzusetzen ist. Einen Einblick in unsere Umsetzung der Infektionsschutzketten-Nachverfolgung am Arbeitsplatz haben wir bereits vor einigen Wochen in einem "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Blogartikel"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"/en/blog/back-to-work-goes-iot/"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," zusammengefasst. In Zuge dessen haben wir auch die "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"technischen Details"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"/en/blog/back-to-work-goes-iot-technische-details/"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," der Tracing-Lösung für eine eigenständige Aufsetzung zur Verfügung gestellt."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Die Lösung kann je nach individueller Anforderung Ihres Unternehmens auch weiter ausgebaut oder adaptiert werden. Möglich sind z.B. folgende Punkte:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"bullet_list"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Mobile Check-In Devices: Einfach nachrüstbare Hardware, die mit einem Akku ausgestattet ist. Die Übermittlung erfolgt zu geringen Kosten direkt über das Mobilfunknetz (NB-IoT)verschlüsselt in eine sichere Cloud."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Bestehende RFID oder NFC Chips der Mitarbeiter (z.B. Türöffner oder Mitarbeiterausweise) können eingebunden werden. Wenn bisher keine Zuordnung der Chips zu Mitarbeitern vorliegt, bieten wir auch Möglichkeiten zur Self-Service-Registration an."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Das Datenerfassungskonzept beruht auf dem Speichern von Check-In Aktivitäten an verschiedenen Standorten. Es ist kein Check-Out vorgesehen, damit wird die Abgrenzung zu einer Zeiterfassung sichergestellt. Potentielle Bedenken des Betriebsrats können damit gut ausgeräumt werden."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Die Daten werden pseudonymisiert gespeichert. Die Verbindung zu den Mitarbeitern wird nur im Bedarfsfall durch die zuständige Abteilung (in der Regel HR) durchgeführt. Es werden auch hier nur die Mitarbeiterdaten ausgegeben, die potentiell Kontakt zur infizierten Person hatten. Die Check-In Standorte der Person werden nicht offen gelegt."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Ähnlich wie bei der Risikoermittlung der offiziellen Corona-App, lassen sich aus den Daten Risk Scores berechnen, die dabei helfen, Wahrscheinlichkeiten für eine potentielle Infektionskette zu ermitteln. 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And if you do so, you are in good company since many companies switched or are switching to Rust for at least the most sensitive parts of their software development."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The Approach"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"So, we want to talk MODBUS RTU via RS485 to the sensors."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The protocol is easy enough to implement it without much effort. But there is one catch: Since only one device is allowed to talk on the bus at any given time, we have to switch the RS485 transceiver between transmit and receive in a tight time frame. Keeping transmit too long means losing at least a part of the response. Switching to receive too early means we cut off part of the command we are sending via UART. Switching the GPIO at the exact time needed while communicating via UART didn’t work with just the high-level app running on A7 core. Fortunately, we have access to the real-time M4 cores. On the M4 cores, we can set appropriate interrupts to exactly know when the last bit of our command is sent and we have to switch the transceiver into receive mode. We decided to keep the low-level app as simple as possible and implement more complex things in our high-level app, like creating the MODBUS packets and calculating the checksum."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Apart from that, the high-level app is also responsible for communicating with the cloud (i.e. telemetry ingress, receiving cloud to device commands to trigger a firmware update of the sensors and downloading a new firmware from the internet). Beside that it doesn’t make sense, it’s also not allowed – and physically not possible – to access the network directly by the low-level app."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"That turned out to be a great solution. Here is a schematic of the components involved:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17409182],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/960x480/0cb939325f/azure-rust-components.png"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"It’s also worth noting that while Azure Sphere can certainly talk to any cloud it’s actually very easy to connect Azure Sphere to Azure IoT."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Even things like device provisioning, which usually is a headache, is a no-brainer in this setup. It’s no exaggeration to say that Azure Sphere and Azure IoT are matches made in heaven."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The Details – How to use Rust to develop for Azure Sphere"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Out of the box, the Azure Sphere SDK supports developing your applications in C. It’s a comprehensible and good decision and makes it not too hard to use Rust here."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"While it is perfectly possible to cross-compile libstd for high-level apps, because support for Linux is already integrated, we will go with no-std – not only to have the generated binaries a bit smaller but also since it’s just a bit easier to start without libstd here for now. However, no-std isn’t really a concern here - the core library gives us already enough functionality to conveniently develop our solution."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Prerequisites"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Before we can start development we need some components installed:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"bullet_list"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"A recent Rust nightly toolchain (e.g. 1.50.0-nightly (1c389ffef 2020-11-24) or later)"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"MUSL GCC toolchain for ARM-HF for developing high-level applications"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"a recent gcc-arm-none-eabi toolchain for developing real-time apps"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Azure Sphere SDK for Windows or Linux"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"High-Level Application"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In order to successfully compile, link, and deploy a high-level application, we need to specify some configuration options. Fortunately, it’s quite easy to customize the build options – we don’t need to recompile the compiler but we can easily configure everything we need when using a precompiled toolchain."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"First we need a target specification file – it’s called "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"arm-v7-none-eabi.json"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://github.com/grandcentrix/rust-on-azure-sphere/blob/main/highlevel/app/arm-v7-none-eabi.json"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," here:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,"language-json"]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"{\n \"abi-blacklist\": [\n \"stdcall\",\n \"fastcall\",\n \"vectorcall\",\n \"thiscall\",\n \"win64\",\n \"sysv64\"\n ],\n \"arch\": \"arm\",\n \"data-layout\": \"e-m:e-p:32:32-i64:64-v128:64:128-a:0:32-n32-S64\",\n \"emit-debug-gdb-scripts\": false,\n \"env\": \"\",\n \"executables\": true,\n \"cpu\": \"cortex-a7\",\n \"features\": \"+v7,+thumb-mode,+thumb2,+vfp3,+neon\",\n \"linker\": \"arm-linux-musleabihf-gcc\",\n \"linker-flavor\": \"gcc\",\n \"llvm-target\": \"arm-v7-none-eabihf\",\n \"max-atomic-width\": 32,\n \"os\": \"none\",\n \"panic-strategy\": \"abort\",\n \"relocation-model\": \"pic\",\n \"target-c-int-width\": \"32\",\n \"target-endian\": \"little\",\n \"target-pointer-width\": \"32\",\n \"vendor\": \"\"\n}"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Here we specify various options for the code generation. Additionally we need the file "],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"textStyle"],"attrs":[0,{"color":[0,"rgb(43, 41, 43)"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,".cargo/config"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://github.com/grandcentrix/rust-on-azure-sphere/blob/main/highlevel/app/.cargo/config"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,"language-json"]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"[target.arm-v7-none-eabi]\nlinker = 'sysroots/7+Beta2010/tools/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-musleabi/arm-poky-linux-musleabi-gcc'\nrunner = 'arm-eabi-gdb'\nrustflags = [\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-flinker-output=exec\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-Wl,--dynamic-linker=/lib/ld-musl-armhf.so.1\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-v\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=--sysroot=./sysroots/7+Beta2010/\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-L\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=./sysroots/7+Beta2010/usr/lib/\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-L\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=./sysroots/7+Beta2010/lib/\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-Wl,--no-undefined,--gc-sections\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-nodefaultlibs\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-march=armv7ve+neon\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-mcpu=cortex-a7\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-mthumb\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-mfpu=neon\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-mfloat-abi=hard\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-Wl,-Bdynamic\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-lapplibs\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-lazureiot\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-lpthread\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-lcurl\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-ltlsutils\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-lgcc_s\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-lc\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-Os\",\n]\n[build]\ntarget = \"arm-v7-none-eabi\"\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Here we configure which default target to use (the arm-v7-none-eabi file from above) and how the linking is done."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"We also configure which libraries we like to link. Those are from the Sphere SDK. Please note that I symlinked the sysroots folder for simplicity and because we cannot use environment variables in the config file. At this point, we are already able to compile a binary suitable to run on Azure Sphere by running "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"cargo xbuild."],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"italic"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Now we are just a few commands away from having it running on the device. First let’s copy together the binary and the application manifest:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,"language-json"]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"mkdir -p target/approot/\nmkdir -p target/approot/bin\n\ncp target/arm-v7-none-eabi/debug/sphere-app target/approot/bin/app\ncp app_manifest.json target/approot"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Next, we use the azsphere command-line utility to create the image and deploy it:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,"language-json"]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"azsphere image-package pack-application --input target/approot --destination-file target/sphere-app.image --verbose\n\nazsphere device sideload delete --component-id 00f3df71-a397-4a5e-89cb-7dde6486888d --verbose\n\nazsphere device sideload deploy -p target/sphere-app.image --verbose"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Here I’m using the Azure Sphere CLI v2 syntax. For v1 it looked similar but not exactly the same. That is all that is needed for this. To make development easier I decided to create and use some support crates:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"sphere-sys"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"italic"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," A typical sys crate mainly consists of a build.rs file which is using bindgen to generate Rust FFI bindings from the header files contained in the Azure Sphere SDK."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"sphere-lib"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"italic"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," Since it is quite inconvenient to directly use the generated FFI bindings and also needs unsafe code in many places, it is a good idea to create some Rust friendly wrappers to make using the functionality feel idiomatic on the Rust side."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"sphere-rt"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"italic"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," This is optional but very useful. It contains a custom allocator which currently just directly uses malloc and free as well as some re-exports of functionality from libcore. Additionally, it defines the print family of macros to log to Sphere’s debug out and defines a panic handler and the start function of the application. The code sample below should show how this makes development easier. And this is how a very simple multi-color blinky could look like with the above explained approach:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,"language-json"]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"#![cfg_attr(not(test), no_std)]\n#![cfg_attr(not(test), no_main)]\n\n\n#[cfg(not(test))]\nextern crate sphere_rt as std;\n#[cfg(not(test))]\nuse std::prelude::v1::*;\n\nextern crate sphere_lib;\nuse sphere_lib::mt3620_gpio::*;\nuse sphere_lib::util::sleep;\n\nconst MT3620_GPIO8: i32 = 8;\nconst MT3620_GPIO9: i32 = 9;\nconst MT3620_GPIO10: i32 = 10;\nconst MT3620_RDB_LED1_GREEN: i32 = MT3620_GPIO9;\nconst MT3620_RDB_LED1_BLUE: i32 = MT3620_GPIO10;\nconst MT3620_RDB_LED1_RED: i32 = MT3620_GPIO8;\n\n#[no_mangle]\nfn start() {\n println!(\"start\");\n\n let red = GpioPort::open(MT3620_RDB_LED1_RED);\n let green = GpioPort::open(MT3620_RDB_LED1_GREEN);\n let blue = GpioPort::open(MT3620_RDB_LED1_BLUE);\n\n loop {\n red.set_low();\n green.set_low();\n blue.set_low();\n sleep(1);\n ...\n }\n}"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"As you can see we can just use the println macro and there is no need to fiddle with an allocator or panic handler. Side note: If you wonder about the “not(test)” directives – that’s because I like to have a way to run high-level tests on the host OS for early feedback."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Real-Time Application"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"As said before, we are in need of a real-time application for the given task. Actually writing a real-time application for Azure Sphere is pretty much straightforward – much the same as writing a bare-metal application for any other MCU in Rust. In this very first version, it doesn’t make use of the drivers provided by MediaTek and CodethinkLabs you can find on Github. That’s because they just didn’t exist when we implemented it. So we did it from scratch in Rust based on the samples provided by Microsoft and the datasheet. It also doesn’t implement Rust’s embedded-hal which would be great to have for the future. That being said here is how it works. This time we don’t need a custom target specification since one of Rust’s built-in targets already fit. So we start with "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,".cargo/config"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://github.com/grandcentrix/rust-on-azure-sphere/blob/main/baremetal/.cargo/config"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,"language-json"]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"[target.thumbv7em-none-eabihf]\nrustflags = [\n \"-C\", \"linker=arm-none-eabi-gcc\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-mcpu=cortex-m4\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-g\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-nostartfiles\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-Wl,--no-undefined\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-Wl,-n\",\n \"-C\", \"link-arg=-Wl,-Tlinker.ld\"\n]\n\n[build]\ntarget = \"thumbv7em-none-eabihf\""],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Again we configure some parameters for the linker and the default target. This time we need a "],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"textStyle"],"attrs":[0,{"color":[0,"rgb(43, 41, 43)"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"build.rs"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://github.com/grandcentrix/rust-on-azure-sphere/blob/main/baremetal/build.rs"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," to copy the linker script to a suitable location during the build:"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"textStyle"],"attrs":[0,{"color":[0,"rgb(43, 41, 43)"]}]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,"language-json"]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"use std::env;\nuse std::fs::File;\nuse std::io::Write;\nuse std::path::PathBuf;\n\nfn main() {\n // Put the linker script somewhere the linker can find it\n let out = &PathBuf::from(env::var_os(\"OUT_DIR\").unwrap());\n File::create(out.join(\"linker.ld\"))\n .unwrap()\n .write_all(include_bytes!(\"linker.ld\"))\n .unwrap();\n println!(\"cargo:rustc-link-search={}\", out.display());\n\n // Only re-run the build script when linker.ld is changed,\n // instead of when any part of the source code changes.\n println!(\"cargo:rerun-if-changed=linker.ld\");\n}"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Last not least we need a linker.ld – "],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"textStyle"],"attrs":[0,{"color":[0,"rgb(43, 41, 43)"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"we can just use this one"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://github.com/Azure/azure-sphere-samples/blob/master/Samples/IntercoreComms/IntercoreComms_RTApp_MT3620_BareMetal/linker.ld"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". Now we are good to go and are able to compile for Azure Sphere’s M4 cores with the cargo xbuild command. However there is "],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"textStyle"],"attrs":[0,{"color":[0,"rgb(43, 41, 43)"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"quite some code needed to get everything setup"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://github.com/grandcentrix/rust-on-azure-sphere/blob/main/baremetal/src/main.rs#L35-L393"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,":"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"textStyle"],"attrs":[0,{"color":[0,"rgb(43, 41, 43)"]}]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"code_block"],"attrs":[0,{"class":[0,"language-json"]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"const SCB_BASE: usize = 0xE000ED00;\n\n\nconst INTERRUPT_COUNT: usize = 100;\nconst EXCEPTION_COUNT: usize = 16 + INTERRUPT_COUNT;\n\nextern \"C\" {\n pub static StackTop: u32;\n}\n\npub union Vector {\n handler: unsafe extern \"C\" fn(),\n reserved: usize,\n address: *const u32,\n}\n\n#[link_section = \".vector_table\"]\n#[no_mangle]\npub static mut ExceptionVectorTable: [Vector; EXCEPTION_COUNT] = [\n Vector {\n address: unsafe { &StackTop },\n },\n Vector { handler: main }, // RESET\n Vector {\n handler: defaultHandler,\n }, // NMI\n...\n\n#[no_mangle]\nunsafe extern \"C\" fn main() {\n // SCB->VTOR = ExceptionVectorTable\n write_reg32(SCB_BASE, 0x08, ExceptionVectorTable.as_ptr() as u32);\n\n...\n"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"It is more or less the setup "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"used in this example"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://github.com/Azure/azure-sphere-samples/blob/master/Samples/IntercoreComms/IntercoreComms_RTApp_MT3620_BareMetal/main.c"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". These are the same basic steps needed on any Cortex-M. As said before, in this first step we implemented things pretty much straight forward. We could have even used the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Cortex-M-RT crate"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://crates.io/crates/cortex-m-rt"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," for the basics here and avoid that boilerplate setup code. For the future, the way to go would be to implement the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"embedded-hal traits"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://github.com/rust-embedded/embedded-hal"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," and also have a runtime crate for initialization and other conveniences. Creating an image and side loading looks pretty much the same as for a high-level application."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Code"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"You can see a complete example of both - the high level and the bare metal application- on "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"our GitHub repository here"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://github.com/grandcentrix/rust-on-azure-sphere"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". It’s basically “blinky” in both variants. While not all the code is needed for a simple “blinky” the code for things like Azure IoT connectivity and Intercore Communication is included for completeness."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Conclusion"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Even given the slightly more effort needed to get started with "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Rust for Azure Sphere"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", it was quite "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"easy and efficient"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," to use that approach. Memory safety alone would be worth it but there is so much more you get from using Rust."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"A big part of the easiness of this implementation is also because of Azure Sphere and Azure IoT. Device provisioning and communication with the cloud is almost a no-brainer. Not to forget the managed software updates."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"While the high-level application support crates we implemented makes things very easy to use, there is some work left on the real-time part of the story. But that shouldn’t be a big effort as we already have a working solution here that just needs to be brought in shape."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"]}]]]}],"component":[0,"RichText"]}]]],"subject":[0,""],"abstract":[0,"At grandcentrix we were tasked with connecting standalone temperature and humidity sensors to the cloud to monitor those readings for different regions inside larger supermarkets. These regions include for example the vegetable department as well as the checkout area and the entrance area. The final installation is planned to have one Azure Sphere guardian device per site and multiple sensors connected to it.\nThe sensors are not directly connected but communicate with the receiver – a central MODBUS enabled device. Sensor communication is done via a proprietary wireless protocol that is optimized for power consumption. Since the sensors itself are powered by batteries and are designed to run for a long period of time without recharging or replacing the battery, we also need to monitor the battery level to be able to plan battery replacements in advance.\nAzure Sphere connects via MODBUS RTU over RS485 to the central receiver and the telemetry data needs to go into Azure IoT for further processing and analysis. Additionally, a sensor’s firmware can be updated via MODBUS whenever the manufacturer releases a new firmware.\n\nHaving all the telemetry data in the cloud gives great opportunities for visualizing and analyzing the data. This way is also suitable to give different target groups access to the data depending on the user’s role. Also alerting can be implemented without much effort this way. 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The six speedboats, each consisting of an implementation partner and an industry partner, are currently developing data-based solution approaches for typical challenges faced by SMEs. These solutions will subsequently be specified into generic services and made available to German SMEs starting in 2022 as part of a service ecosystem for AI services.\n\nAs a provider of IoT solutions for intelligent products with its own Competence Center for Data Science, grandcentrix qualified as one of only three implementation partners in the project. The data science team, founded three years ago and consisting of five data scientists and engineers, convinced not only with a broad range of services, from statistical analysis and rapid prototyping to design, application and continuous training of machine learning models, but also with the pragmatic approach of using data as early as possible and as meaningfully as possible."],"mailText":[0,""],"metatags":[0,{"_uid":[0,"692d0b06-24ac-4eea-88e9-de850c4828be"],"title":[0,"AI & Data Science Project with Service Meister und Wuerth| IoT Blog"],"plugin":[0,"seo_metatags"],"og_image":[0,""],"og_title":[0,""],"description":[0,"Collaboration in the Service Master Project for Connected Power Tools & AI to Support Data-Driven Decisions and Enhanced Service Efficiency ► Read on now!"],"twitter_image":[0,""],"twitter_title":[0,""],"og_description":[0,""],"twitter_description":[0,""]}],"component":[0,"BlogPost"],"contactText":[0,"If you have any questions or would like to realise a project with us, \nplease contact us by e-mail."],"publishedAt":[0,"2021-03-30 00:00"],"contactTitle":[0,"Do you have questions?"],"contactSection":[0,false]}],"slug":[0,"handwerk-und-iot"],"full_slug":[0,"blog/handwerk-und-iot"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-1140],"tag_list":[1,[[0,"Industrial IoT"],[0,"Smart Products"],[0,"AI"]]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,419913290],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"d2b957f1-0024-484c-b8bd-7feda1aae29f"],"first_published_at":[0,"2021-03-30T12:35:00.000Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"blog/handwerk-und-iot"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"blog/handwerk-und-iot"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,true]}]]]}],[0,{"name":[0,"Narrowband IoT - Reliable Technology for the Smart City?"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-24T08:25:56.869Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:27.264Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-27T09:12:27.335Z"],"id":[0,552773088],"uuid":[0,"55450c75-e934-495f-baed-7f486ff71605"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"c0bb196f-0d5e-40b1-a572-aae6c0e4370d"],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17418976],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1000x560/c2b65cba1a/smart-city.jpg"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"title":[0,"Narrowband IoT - Reliable Technology for the Smart City?"],"author":[0,{"name":[0,"Placeholder"],"created_at":[0,"2024-09-19T08:41:14.854Z"],"published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:39.605Z"],"updated_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:13:39.635Z"],"id":[0,550359667],"uuid":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[0,{"_uid":[0,"f9660e25-2c40-4b69-a353-92ac9581d2b8"],"name":[0,"Anonymous"],"role":[0,"grandcentrix employee"],"email":[0,{"id":[0,""],"url":[0,""],"linktype":[0,"story"],"fieldtype":[0,"multilink"],"cached_url":[0,""]}],"image":[0,{"id":[0,17010743],"alt":[0,""],"name":[0,""],"focus":[0,""],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"filename":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/52x52/23659d042d/sebastian-boll.png"],"copyright":[0,""],"fieldtype":[0,"asset"],"meta_data":[0,{}],"is_external_url":[0,false]}],"component":[0,"Person"]}],"slug":[0,"placeholder"],"full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"sort_by_date":[0,null],"position":[0,-210],"tag_list":[1,[]],"is_startpage":[0,false],"parent_id":[0,492023996],"meta_data":[0,null],"group_id":[0,"5c90f71e-e357-4c77-9d8e-47e6f58b09eb"],"first_published_at":[0,"2024-09-26T07:11:30.452Z"],"release_id":[0,null],"lang":[0,"default"],"path":[0,null],"alternates":[1,[]],"default_full_slug":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"translated_slugs":[1,[[0,{"path":[0,"_data/persons/placeholder"],"name":[0,null],"lang":[0,"de"],"published":[0,null]}]]],"_stopResolving":[0,true]}],"contact":[0,"f8add3ff-f62c-4261-982b-1c2faae73b76"],"content":[1,[[0,{"_uid":[0,"0ce24884-02a4-4ce5-96b9-26bd2a069d04"],"align":[0,""],"width":[0,""],"content":[0,{"type":[0,"doc"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Where and why a smart city is the solution"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Megacities are urban centers with more than 10 million residents . 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Let’s imagine you have to concept an onboarding to "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"bring a smart home gateway into the internet which will control an heating"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"blockquote"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Define your target group and give your users a face."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Start by imagining which different personas will use that gateway and then try to really understand these people. Know what they need and which problems they have with the current workflow and onboarding. For example: Probably heatings in a house won’t be installed by their owners. In most cases there will be an installer who will install the heating and so the gateway, too, because the gateway has physically to be connected to the heating."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"But honestly, do you know how an installer is working and installing heatings right away? So the best method to get to know that is to "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"visit and accompany installers"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," for heatings, who will later use and have to install your smart home gateway in their everyday work life, and see how they usually do their everyday work. That turned out to be a valuable method to really learn what the users need. In case that a gateway will be used by consumers at home (e.g. to control lightning bulbs), try to find someone who already uses smart home products which require gateways or comparable devices and ask them for their experience with onboarding and using the devices. The most important thing is that you are certain about the persona which will later use the product and has to configure it and which problems they might face."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, WAC? — Good tool, half work!"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"After specifying the target group it’s important to quickly make a decision on the technology which will be used to onboard the device onto the internet. At that point the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"user’s needs"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," should definitely be in the focus. If the onboarding isn’t as easy and understandable as possible for the user there is a high risk that they will be dissatisfied or even quit the process. The challenge is not only with the technology choice, but also with the design of an easy and satisfying user flow."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"We know several ways to get a device online. The most common once are Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. In most cases, even both at the same time. A stable connection between things and the internet can be achieved by "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"bringing the device into the user’s home network"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". This is known, for example, from gateways with which you can control lights or heatings, or from smart home speakers that let you play your favourite songs like Google Home or Amazon Echo. Because in most cases not the product gets into the internet, but a gateway, that is connected to the heater. Important: The app or web application, via which the heating will be controlled, has to be located in the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"same (home) network"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," in which the gateway is suppose to be."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17417104],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/2000x445/8c612151ed/iot-onboarding-flow.png"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"For many of these devices the way of onboarding is the same or similar. Therefore, we at "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"grandcentrix"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"italic"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,", an IoT solution provider, have created a blueprint for the different IoT onboardings. The blueprint serves as the basis for our concept work so that it can be passed on to our developers in the form of wireframes, a flowchart or clickable prototypes."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17417098],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/3504x1890/ee9c5bcd1b/iot-onboarding-blueprint.jpeg"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Set up the gateway"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Of course, the user’s journey does not just starts at the device’s set up. At first, the gateway must be unpacked, physically installed and then connected to the power. The installer will attach the gateway close to the heater and connect both via a bus system. This bus system is used for data exchange between gateway and heating. In most cases, the gateway also draws electricity from the heater — other gateways are equipped with a main plug and require their own socket. During or after the mechanical installation of the gateway, the user must already have download the related app. The app does not only serve as an instruction manual for the IoT onboarding but also for subsequent heating-control. Generally, the App is public in the respective store. But to help users, the packaging can also include a QR code which, by scanning, guides the users to the correct app download."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Connect the App to the Gateway"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Now the important part begins. In order to connect the gateway to the user’s home network, it must somehow receive the password of the Wi-Fi home network. This password is sent to the gateway via a BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy ) connection. Because as soon as the gateway is connected to a power supply, it automatically opens the pairing mode and starts with the "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"advertising"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,". This means that the gateway can now be recognised by the app as a gateway, that has not yet been set up and is ready for pairing. All gateways in pairing mode nearby now appear in the app."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"It must be ensured which gateway is to be added to the Wi-Fi network. It is not uncommon that there are more than one gateway within the radio range of the network, so the user must select which gateway should be set up in the app, choosing from a list of all the gateways. Each gateway has a "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"unique name"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," so that the user can recognise it as the desired gateway. For example, part of the serial number can be included in the name of the gateway, wich should also be visible on the gateway or in the operating instructions, to be comparable. After a successfully established BLE connection between the gateway and the app, the gateway can now be brought into the home network."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17417100],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/965x775/9fffdf2b3b/iot-onboarding-error.png"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Connect the gateway to the home network"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The initially existing connection via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) wouldn’t match for the complete use and setup of the gateway, since BLE is mainly intended to transmit small amounts of data and not to maintain a permanent connection."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"blockquote"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"BLE is used for applications that do not need to exchange large amounts of data"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Therefore, the gateway must now be connected to the user’s home network. For this purpose, the gateway performs a scan of the surrounding Wi-Fi networks, which are displayed in a list. This should be based on the design of the operating system on the user’s smartphone so that he or she can operate the view as intuitively as possible."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"There, the user selects the home network with which the gateway should be connected. The password of the Wi-Fi network must then be transferred to the gateway. The user must enter the password in the app. If the installer takes over the setup of the gateway, the subsequent user of the application should enter the Wi-Fi password in the app himself at this step so that the password does not have to be communicated to the installer. The password is sent to the gateway via the BLE connection and the gateway can connect to the home network. In the positive case, the gateway is now connected to the user’s home network, the BLE connection can be disconnected without user interaction and the IoT onboarding is thus completed. Of course, a wide variety of errors can occur at any point, not only when typing in the password wrong. At that point, it’s particularly important to explain clearly what the users can do to solve the error. The gateway cannot always tell the app what exactly caused the error. In most cases, error screens from IoT onboarding therefore contain a list of frequently occurring, generic error cases. This includes, for example, entering an incorrect Wi-Fi password, interrupting the connection or automatically switching off the pairing mode. The user should be briefly and concisely explained what he or she can do in this case and if they don’t get ahead on their own they should be able to call up a help page or contact support."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Alternative option: Pairing button"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"At the point where the gateway is connected to the app, there’s another option in addition to the automatic pairing mode after plugin the gateway as described earlier. If an automatic pairing mode is not desired (e.g. for security reasons) the user can also trigger the pairing mode manually. To do this, he would press the so-called pairing button. This is a button on the gateway, which only puts the device into pairing mode when this button is pressed. In this case the gateway only then permanently sends a message via Bluetooth Low Energy that it has not yet been set up and is now ready for connection. The interface should simply guide the users through this step by explaining that they have to press the button on the gateway for further setup. Visual support by depicting the pairing button as a photo, animation or graphic helps the user to find it and supports a positive onboarding experience, see the following examples:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17417099],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/2004x1264/e4bd930b8a/iot-onboarding-examples.jpg"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Alternative option: Wi-Fi-Hotspot"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"An alternative to pairing mode via Bluetooth Low Energy is to open a Wi-Fi hotspot. After the mechanical installation of the gateway and physical connection to the heater, the gateway automatically opens a Wi-Fi hotspot. (Alternatively, the hotspot can only be opened by pressing the pairing button.) In order for the app to be able to connect to this hotspot, the users must switch to the Wi-Fi settings of their smartphone and manually join the hotspot network there. As soon as the connection to the hotspot is established, the user can enter the Wi-Fi home network password and this will be sent to the gateway via the hotspot. Since the user left the app to enter the hotspot and switch to the smartphone settings, this way is not as suitable from the user’s point of view as connecting via Bluetooth Low Energy. By switching the apps, the user is torn out of the onboarding flow and the experience is suboptional. The Wi-Fi hotspot is just another way to send the Wi-Fi password to the device and an alternative to BLE mode. Arguments for Wi-Fi hotspot and against BLE could for example be the design of the chip on the gateway’s hardware."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,4]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Digression: Send Wi-Fi password on iOS (Apple wireless accessory configuration)"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Even the easiest and fastest IoT onboarding faces a challenge for the user. This is entering the Wi-Fi home network password. Probably everyone knows it: the Wi-Fi password is not just long but also predestined to typing errors. Since it usually consists of many numbers and / or letters, it is often annoying to type and enter it or even to find it, until you don’t use it that often."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Therefore there is a special "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"support"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," for this step on "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"iOS"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," devices (only). The so-called "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Apple wireless accessory configuration"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"link"],"attrs":[0,{"href":[0,"https://developer.apple.com/documentation/bundleresources/entitlements/com_apple_external-accessory_wireless-configuration"],"uuid":[0,null],"anchor":[0,null],"target":[0,null],"linktype":[0,"url"]}]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," (WAC) makes this step easier for the user by reading out the Wi-Fi password from the iPhone if it has ever been connected to the desired network. The gateway automatically opens WAC mode when it is set up for the first time. At the point of onboarding, where the user normally has to enter the Wi-Fi password, the accessory configuration (WAC) opens immediately. This collects information about the surrounding Wi-Fi networks and WAC devices."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In the first step of setting up via WAC, the accessory configuration found surrounding devices (the gateway) and surrounding Wi-Fi networks that had not yet been set up. Since the user is usually already connected to the home network with his or her iPhone, this network will be preselected. The user must select the device which is about to set up and the gateway receives the Wi-Fi password of the selected network via WAC and can connect to it. The user does not have to enter the password, neither he or she has to leave the app because WAC can be opened in a modal dialog within the app. The password is read from the iPhone because the user once has already set up the connection to the home network on this iPhone."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"In order to use WAC, however, the gateway must be "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"MFi certified"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0,"."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17417102],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/3104x1005/2dbba717ca/iot-onboarding-apple-wac.png"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Unfortunately there is no comparable procedure from Android itself until now."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,3]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"From the user’s perspective"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"The user should not only be guided through the onboarding easily and quickly but also in an understandable manner. Since the technical background overwhelms easily or doesn’t interest the most users, it is important to create a good balance of information and instructions. Especially important are concise headlines, which give the user a quick overview of which step is being carried out. My experience as a UX designer for IoT products, also conducting several user tests, have often shown me that users only skim over texts and even sometimes skip them completely. Long texts and complicated explanations are more of a hurdle for the user and should be kept as short and precise as possible. This applies in particular to the headings of the screens. Short but meaningful headlines such as "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"“Find devices”"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," or "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"“Push pairing button”"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," have proven to be helpful and user-friendly. Supporting graphic elements such as graphics, illustrations or animations also help the users to set up the hardware and make it easier for the them."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17417103],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/1516x1640/2e0bec8068/iot-onboarding-wireframes.png"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Another finding from user testings was that users prefer "],"type":[0,"text"]}],[0,{"text":[0,"visual confirmations"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," as soon as a significant part of onboarding has been completed. For example, if the connection between the gateway and the app was successful. In the event of a fault, providing visual feedback is of course all the more important. In addition, it is also helpful for the user if the various states of onboarding are also indicated by an LED on the gateway itself. The establishment of a connection could be signaled, for example, by a flashing LED on the gateway while an existing connection by the permanent lighting up of this. Responding lights should also be included in the concept for the onboarding."],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"heading"],"attrs":[0,{"level":[0,2]}],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"image"],"attrs":[0,{"id":[0,17417101],"alt":[0,""],"src":[0,"https://a.storyblok.com/f/267686/3000x1500/45207806b6/iot-onboarding-led.png"],"title":[0,""],"source":[0,""],"copyright":[0,""],"meta_data":[0,{}]}]}],[0,{"text":[0,"Takeaways"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Finally, I would like to summarise the most important findings and helpful tips to create a successful (IoT) onboarding concept:"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"bullet_list"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Analyze and research the exact target group of the IoT device and get to know the potential users"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"IoT onboarding should not be a long, complicated or technically described process"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Short and concise headlines and texts"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Supporting graphics, illustrations, animations"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Visual confirmations, for example after a successful connection"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"Provide suggestions for solutions in the event of errors and offer the opportunity for further help (support, hotline, etc.)"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}],[0,{"type":[0,"list_item"],"content":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"paragraph"],"content":[1,[[0,{"text":[0,"A demo mode,"],"type":[0,"text"],"marks":[1,[[0,{"type":[0,"bold"]}]]]}],[0,{"text":[0," in which the use of the application is simulated and can be tested using sample data, can show users the most important features of the app even without having an associated IoT device"],"type":[0,"text"]}]]]}]]]}]]]}]]]}],"component":[0,"RichText"]}]]],"subject":[0,""],"abstract":[0,"With IoT Onboarding it’s the same as with creating any other User Experience concept — it has to be understandable, easy to use and in the best case self explaining. But what sounds logical for every UX designer isn’t as easy as you think when you additionally have the requirement to connect a thing to the internet.\n\nSo the task is to create an IoT onboarding which enables every user an easy and quick set-up of an IoT-device. 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